*ENGLISH Chinese Study Course 英語で学ぶ中国語講座

➀Basic Pronouns in Chinese

2023年2月5日

【広告】RAKUTEN

Chinese Study Course
Chinese Study Course

You can naturally acquire knowledge of Chinese grammar in a short period by lying down at home and reading our contents looking at your mobile phone or tablet.

➀Basic Pronouns in Chinese
➀Basic Pronouns in Chinese

In Chinese the nominative and objective cases of personal pronouns have the same shape. Let's see personal , possessive, demonstrative & interrogative pronouns.

➁Modification of Nouns in Chinese
➁Modification of Nouns in Chinese

When modifying nouns with other nouns, use the Structural particle "的" as noun + "的" + noun, as in "老师的词典". Also use it for phrases and sentences like "向海关提交的".

③Verb Usage "是/喜欢"
③Verb Usage "是/喜欢"

Basic usage of verbs, How to form interrogative sentences, Separate verbs that combines the verb and the object into one and separates unique to Chinese.

④Verb Usage "有/在"
④Verb Usage "有/在"

In Lesson 4, we will study how to use the unique verb "有" (Possession, 「A有B.( A have B. )」 & Existence, 「P有B.」 ) and "在"(Location, 「A在P.」) in Chinese in detail.

⑤Particle "了"
⑤Particle "了"

Explains in detail the difference between the usage of aspect particle "了" and speech particle "了". Aspect particle "了" is used immediately after the verb. V +了.

⑥Particle "过"&"着"
⑥Particle "过"&"着"

Aspect particle "过" expresses "completion/conclusion of experience or action". "着" follows verbs in which movement is still and indicates a sustained state.

⑦Result Complement
⑦Result Complement

A "result complement" is a complement that expresses the result of an action. It is used in the form of "verb + result complement". Ex:) understand by listening.

⑧Directional Complement
⑧Directional Complement

A directional complement is a complement that indicates the direction in which an action is performed or the direction in which a state progresses. Ex: 走+进+教室

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Chinese Study Course
➀Basic Pronouns in Chinese
➁Modification of Nouns in Chinese
③Verb Usage "是/喜欢"
④Verb Usage "有/在"
⑤Particle "了"
⑥Particle "过"&"着"
⑦Result Complement
⑧Directional Complement
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Chinese Study Course [ Lesson1 ]

Goyan
Goyan

Hello everyone. I'm Goyan. Nice to meet you! Welcome to Chinese Study Course. I will be in charge of the Chinese course. Let's start the Chinese course together! In lesson 1, we will study the basics of Chinese pronouns.

Goyan
Goyan

Pronouns are the basis of grammar. Regarding pronouns, I think Chinese is easier to learn than English because it’s simpler than English, such as the nominative and objective cases of personal pronouns having the same shape. Now, let's check the list of personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns.

1-1 Personal pronoun

singularplural
first person
I
(nominative)
我 wǒwe
(nominative)
我们
wǒ men
咱们
zán men
my
(possessive)
我的 wǒ deour
(possessive)
我们的
wǒ men de
咱们的
zán men de
me
(objective)
我 wǒus
(objective)
我们
wǒ men
咱们
zán men
second person
you
(nominative)
你 nǐ
您 nín
you
(nominative)
你们
nǐ men
your
(possessive)
你的 nǐ de
您的 nín de
your
(possessive)
你们的
nǐ men de
you
(objective)
你的 nǐ de
您的 nín de
you
(objective)
你们
nǐ men
third person
he
she
it
(nominative)
他 tā
她 tā
它 tā
they
(nominative)
他们
tā men
她们
tā men
his
her
its
(possessive)
他的 tā de
她的 tā de
它的 tā de
their
(possessive)
他们的
tā men de
她们的
tā men de
him
her
it
(objective)
他 tā
她 tā
它 tā
them
(objective)
他们
tā men
她们
tā men
  • "您" is a polite expression of "你". When indicating a plurality, it is sometimes written as '您们' in colloquial letters, but in spoken language, '您' is followed by a quantifier (e.g. 您几位).
  • The possessive "的" may be omitted. I'll explain more in the adnominal modifiers section.
  • You can't use '它' for the first mention, like "Please show me that." Use the demonstrative pronoun "这" or "那".
  • There is no distinction between singular and plural in "它". "它们" is only used when you want to write in the plural form.
  • Also, when "它" does not refer to something in particular, we often write "other".
  • "我们" does not include the person you are talking to, but "咱们" is used when you include the person you are talking to. For example, when saying "Are you going to see a movie too? Okay, let's go together!", we use "咱们" because "we" includes the person you are talking to (you).

 

1-2 Possessive pronoun

Goyan
Goyan

When someone asks me, "Whose book is this?", I reply, "It's mine."
Let's say this in Chinese. We simply say "私的".

first person
(singular)mine我的
wǒ de
(plural)ours我们的
wǒ men de
second person
(singular/plural)
yours你的
nǐ de 
您的
nín de
你们的
nǐ men de
third person
(singular)his
hers
他的
tā de
她的
tā de
(plural)theirs他们的
tā men de
她们的
tā men de

 

1-3 Demonstrative pronoun

(1) Near

nominative
objective
possessive
singular
this

zhè
这个
zhè gè
这个
zhè gè
plural
these
这些
zhè xiē
这些
zhè xiē
location
here
这里
zhè lǐ
这儿
zhè ér
这边
zhè biān

(2) Far

nominative
objective
possessive
singular
that
那 nà
那个nà gè
那个 nà gè
plural
those
那些 nà xiē那些 nà xiē
location
there
那里 nà lǐ
那儿 nà ér
那边 nà biān

1-4 Interrogative pronoun

Goyan
Goyan

You may still find the interrogative pronoun example sentences difficult. However, I will study the grammar and reading of the examples in earnest, so for now, please don't worry about the details and just look at the usages of the examples.

(1) who

 ➀subject
who is the tallest?
谁是最高的?
shéi shì zuì gāo de?
 ➁complement
Who is that woman?
那个女人是谁?
nà gè nǚ rén shì shéi ?
 ③object of verb
Who did you meet yesterday?
你昨天见了谁?
nǐ zuó tiān jiàn le shéi ?
 ④object of preposition
Who did you go to the movies with?
你和谁一起去看电影?
nǐ hé shéi yī qǐ qù kàn diàn yǐng ?

(2) whose

Whose book is this?
Chinese
这是谁的书?
zhè shì shéi de shū ?

(3) what

 ➀subject
What happened yesterday?
昨天发生了什么?
zuó tiān fā shēng le shén me ?
 ➁complement
What did you hide?
你隐藏了什么?
nǐ yǐn cáng le shén me ?
 ③object of verb
What did you eat for dinner yesterday?
这是谁的书?
zhè shì shéi de shū ?
 ④object of preposition
What are you talking about?
你在说什么?
nǐ zài shuō shén me ?
 ⑤usage with nouns
What kind of TV show do you like?
你喜欢什么样的电视节目?
nǐ xǐ huān shén me yàng de diàn shì jié mù ?

(4) which

 ➀subject
Which is more expensive, the red pen or the blue pen?
哪个更贵,红笔还是蓝笔?
nǎ gè gèng guì ,hóng bǐ hái shì lán bǐ ?
 ➁object of verb
Which do you drink, coffee or tea?
你喝什么,咖啡还是茶?
nǐ hē shén me ,kā fēi hái shì chá ?
 ③usage with nouns
Which tour bus do I take?
我乘坐哪辆旅游巴士?
wǒ chéng zuò nǎ liàng lǚ yóu bā shì ?

(5) when

Since when have you been here?
你什么时候来过这里的?
nǐ shén me shí hòu lái guò zhè lǐ de ?

(6) where

Where do you come from?
你从哪里来的?
nǐ cóng nǎ lǐ lái de ?
Goyan
Goyan

This is the end of the first study. Dear readers, did you get an idea of how Chinese pronouns are used? See you next time!

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