*ENGLISH Japanese Study Course

⓯Expressions of Requests

2023年8月6日

【広告】RAKUTEN

Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!

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Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!

This time is an extra lesson. We will introduce how to study Japanese while enjoying original YouTube karaoke videos. Enjoy nostalgic anime & hero theme songs!

Japanese Study Course
Japanese Study Course

This is a free online teaching material for foreigners to learn Japanese. The course is designed that you can naturally acquire knowledge by lying down at home.

❶Basic Pronouns
❶Basic Pronouns

Pronouns are the basis of grammar. Now, let's check the list of personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns.

❷Modification of Nouns
❷Modification of Nouns

Modifying nouns with pronouns, other nouns, to-infinitives, participles and relative pronouns. Example, in Japanese usage, 'noun + "の" + noun', as in '先生の辞書'.

❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate

"A は B です" is called a noun predicate sentence. - "A は B が好きです" is called an adjective predicate sentence. "好きです" consists of 'Adject + Auxiliary verb'. No verb

❹Verbal predicate sentences
❹Verbal predicate sentences

Japanese grammatical constructions like "A は B を・・・。" are called verbal predicate sentences. The predicate part "・・・" consists of 'a verb + an auxiliary verb'.

❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs

If you want to say, "I bought two dictionaries." in Japanese, you would normally say "私は2冊辞書を買った。" To put it politely, it's "私は2冊辞書を買いました。"ます" ➡Past tense "ました"

❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses

Present/Past

❼Verb Situational Expressions
❼Verb Situational Expressions

Verb expressions that indicate the situation have the same form as the present progressive tense. However, that is not progressive action but shows situation.

❽Possible Expressions [1]
❽Possible Expressions [1]

If you want to say, "I can speak English." in Japanese, you would politely say "私は英語ができます。". In another Japanese expression, you would say "私は英語を話すことができます。".

❾Possible Expressions [2]
❾Possible Expressions [2]

We will study verbs that indicate "possible" in Japanese. The verb "買う(buy)" was studied in lesson 5, let me introduce a verb "買える" that indicate "can buy".

➓Future Tense Expression
➓Future Tense Expression

"Shohei Ohtani will not pitch in the baseball game tomorrow." in Japanese, you would normally say "大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合で投げないだろう。". Future tense same as present tense.

⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions

Guess, Conviction, Verb(basic)/Noun/Adj+かもしれない, Possibility Guess, May be, Subjective Conviction, Must be, Objective Conjecture, Should be.

⓬Expressions of Desire
⓬Expressions of Desire

About expressions of desire, if you want to say, "I want to go on a trip with my friends during the summer vacation." in Japanese, you say "私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたいです。".

⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions

We will study the expressions of permissions and prohibitions. "Can I go to Shibuya with my friends tomorrow?" in Japanese, you can say "私は明日、友達と渋谷に行ってもいいですか。".

⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention

Let's study the expressions of invitation & intention such as "Would you like to…/ Let's do…" for invitation & "I would like to…/ I'm going to…" for intention.

⓯Expressions of Requests
⓯Expressions of Requests

Let's study expressions of requests such as "Please do …" or "Will you please do…". If you want to say, "Please open the window." in Japanese, "窓を開けてください。".

⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"

Let's study expressions with two objects such as the pattern S+V+O+O like "I will give her a birthday present." You say "私は彼女に誕生日のプレゼントをあげようと思います。" in Japanese.

⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form

In lesson 17, we'll review the Expressions by verb conjunctive form we have already studied before. Also let's study new usages such as "・・・していきます/・・・してきます" .

⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives

Two types of Japanese adjectives: i-type and na-type. In Lesson 18, we study the usage of i-type adjectives. ex:"赤いリンゴ(a red apple)" or "高い山(a high mountain)".

⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives

Let's study "Usage of na-type adjectives." For example, "きれいな先生", "静かな音楽". They can also be used as an adjective predicate sentence, such as "この音楽は静かだ/静かではない。".

⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"

In Lesson 20, we will study the usage of particle "が" & "は". These two particles are similar in usage, so we will explain in detail how to use them differently.

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Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Japanese Study Course
❶Basic Pronouns
❷Modification of Nouns
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❹Verbal predicate sentences
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❼Verb Situational Expressions
❽Possible Expressions [1]
❾Possible Expressions [2]
➓Future Tense Expression
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓬Expressions of Desire
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓯Expressions of Requests
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
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Japanese Study Course Lesson15

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

In lesson 15, we will study the expressions of requests such as "Please do …" or "Will you please do…". For example, if you want to say, "Please open the window." in Japanese, you would politely say "窓を開けてください。".

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

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15-1 Expressions of requests (Verb)

(1)・・・してくれ/・・・してください

Expressions of request ➡ "Verb( conjunctive form )+て+くれ/ください"

  • Open the window.
  • Ordinary:窓を開けてくれ。
  • Please open the window.
  • Politely:窓を開けてください。
  • The ordinary sentence of the request expression sounds a bit imperative, so the polite sentence usually should be used. A case where the ordinary sentence is used is some situation when a senior or an older makes a request to a junior or a younger, such as a father making a request to his children at home.
  • Replacing "くれ" with "ください" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:窓を開けてくれ
  • Politely:窓を開けてください
  • 窓(object)+をobjective particle)
  • +開け(verb "開ける", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)、
  • +くれ(verb "くれる", imperative form)/ +ください(verb "くださる", imperative form)。

Vocabulary note

窓   :(noun) window
開ける :(verb) open
くれる :(verb) give
くださる:(verb) give, polite form of "くれる"
 ◆Advanced Study Conjugation of the verb "くれる"(Lower one-step)
Negative form
くれ(ない)
Auxiliary verb "ない" is added after
私の両親はあまり私のことをほめてくれない
My parents don't compliment me very much.
Consecutive form
くれ(ます/ません/ました)
Auxiliary verb "ます/ません/ました" is added after
私の祖父は私のことをよくほめてくれました
My grandfather used to compliment me.
Past tense form
くれ(た)
Auxiliary verb "た" is added after
私の伯父さんは私のことをほめてくれたことがありません。
My uncle has never complimented me.
Conjunctive form
くれ(て)
Conjunction particle "て" is added after
私は私の両親も祖父のようにもっと私のことをほめてくれてもよいと思います。
I wish my parents would praise me more like my grandfather did.
Basic form
くれる
くれる
give
Adnominal form
くれる(+noun)
Noun is added after
私は子供の時に、兄が一緒に遊んでくれるときが一番たのしかった。
When I was a child, I was happiest when my brother played with me.
Hypothesis form
くれれ(ば)
Conjunction particle "ば" is added after
一番年上の姉がもっと私と遊んでくれればよかったが、あまり遊んでくれた記憶がない。
I wish my oldest sister would play with me more, but I don't remember her playing with me much.
Imperative form
くれ
くれ(よ)
The form for giving orders
窓を開けてくれ
Open the window.

The conjugation of the verb "くれる" is called the lower one-step conjugation of the verb because they all include the "e" sound, such as "くない, くます, くれる, くれれば, くれよ".

 ◆Advanced Study Conjugation of the verb "くださる"(Lower one-step)
Negative form
くださら(ない)
Auxiliary verb "ない" is added after
私の両親はあまり私のことをほめてくださらない
My parents don't compliment me very much.
Consecutive form
くださり(ます/ません/ました)
Auxiliary verb "ます/ません/ました" is added after
私の祖父は私のことをよくほめてくださりました
My grandfather used to compliment me.
Past tense form
くださっ(た)
Auxiliary verb "た" is added after
私の伯父さんは私のことをほめてくださったことがありません。
My uncle has never complimented me.
Conjunctive form
くださっ(て)
Conjunction particle "て" is added after
私は私の両親も祖父のようにもっと私のことをほめてくださってもよいと思います。
I wish my parents would praise me more like my grandfather did.
Basic form
くださる
くださる
give, polite form of "くれる"
Adnominal form
くださる(+noun)
Noun is added after
私は子供の時に、兄が一緒に遊んでくださるときが一番たのしかったです。
When I was a child, I was happiest when my brother played with me.
Hypothesis form
くだされれ(ば)
Conjunction particle "ば" is added after
一番年上の姉がもっと私と遊んでくだされればよかったですが、あまり遊んでくださった記憶がありません。
I wish my oldest sister would play with me more, but I don't remember her playing with me much.
Imperative form
くだされ
ください
The form for giving orders
窓を開けてください
Please open the window.

The conjugation of the verb "くださる" is called the lower one-step conjugation of the verb because they all include the "e" sound, such as "くださない, くださます, くださ, くだされれば, くださ".

(2)・・・してくださいませんか

Expressions of request ➡ "Verb( conjunctive form )+て+ください+ませんか"

  • Could you please open the window?
  • More Polite:窓を開けてくださいませんか
  • Adding "ませんか" to the end of "~してください" like "窓を開けてくださいませんか。" makes the request more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • More Polite:窓を開けてくださいませんか
  • 窓(object)+をobjective particle)
  • +開け(verb "開ける", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)、
  • +ください(verb "くださる", imperative form)+ません(compound auxiliary verb, polite negative)+か(ending particle, question)。
  • We learned about negative question's sentences in Lesson14: Expressions of Invitation & Intention, but in addition to this usage, we can make polite request sentences like this example.
  • See Lesson5 for more information about "ません".

 

15-2 Expressions of requests (Noun)

(1)~をくれ/~をください

Expressions of request ➡ "Noun+を+くれ/ください"

  • Give me a hamburger and a cola.
  • Ordinary:ハンバーガーとコーラをくれ。
  • A hamburger and a cola, please.
  • Politely:ハンバーガーとコーラをください。
  • The ordinary sentence of the request expression sounds a bit imperative, so the polite sentence usually should be used. A case where the ordinary sentence is used is some situation when a senior or an older makes a request to a junior or a younger.
  • Replacing "くれ" with "ください" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:ハンバーガーとコーラをくれ
  • Politely:ハンバーガーとコーラをください
  • ハンバーガーとコーラ(object)+をobjective particle)
  • +くれ(verb "くれる", imperative form)/ +ください(verb "くださる", imperative form)。

Vocabulary note

ハンバーガー:(noun) hamburger
コーラ   :(noun) cola

(2)~を2つくれ/~を2つください

Expressions of request ➡ "Noun+を+(quantity)+くれ/ください"

  • Give me two hamburgers.
  • Ordinary:ハンバーガーを2個くれ。
  • Two hamburger, please.
  • Politely:ハンバーガーを2個ください。
  • The ordinary sentence of the request expression sounds a bit imperative, so the polite sentence usually should be used.
  • Replacing "くれ" with "ください" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:ハンバーガーを2個くれ
  • Politely:ハンバーガーを2個ください
  • ハンバーガー(object)+をobjective particle)+2個(quantity)
  • +くれ(verb "くれる", imperative form)/ +ください(verb "くださる", imperative form)。

(3)~を(2つ)お願いする/します

Expressions of request ➡ "Noun+を+(quantity)+お願いする/します"

  • First, I'd like two beers, please. I would also like a large serving of spicy curry rice, please.
  • Ordinary:最初にビールを2本お願いする。それと、スパイシーなカレーを大盛りでひとつお願いする。
  • Politely:最初にビールを2本お願いします。それと、スパイシーなカレーを大盛りでひとつお願いします。
  • Replacing "する" with "します" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:最初にビールを2本お願いする。それと、スパイシーなカレーを大盛りでひとつお願いする
  • Politely:最初にビールを2本お願いします。それと、スパイシーなカレーを大盛りでひとつお願いします
  • 最初に(adverb)
  • +ビール(object)+をobjective particle)+2本(quantity)
  • +お願いする(verb, basic form)/ +お願いし(verb "お願いする", consecutive form)+ます(auxiliary verb, polite)。
  • それと(conjunction)、
  • +スパイシーなカレー(object)+をobjective particle)
  • +大盛り(quantity)+で(objective particle, quantity)+ひとつ(quantity)
  • +お願いする(verb, basic form)/ +お願いし(verb "お願いする", consecutive form)+ます(auxiliary verb, polite)。

Vocabulary note

最初に   :(adverb) first
ビール   :(noun) beer
お願いする :(verb) please do something
スパイシーな:(adjective) spicy
カレー   :(noun) curry/curry rice
大盛り   :(noun) large serving
ひとつ   :(noun) one
 ◆Advanced Study Objective particle "で" ③:quantity
  • There are many ways to use the objective particle "で", but the usage here indicates the quantity.
  • It is used in the form of "noun(quantity)+ で".
  • For example, The show will start in 10 minutes. あと10分で開演です。
  • I would like a large serving of spicy curry. スパイシーなカレーを大盛りでひとつお願いします

At a restaurant, when a customer orders a large serving of spicy curry, what does the clerk say? It is "かしこまりました。".

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy
LADY JJ
LADY JJ

Today's lesson ends here. Ladies and gentlemen, did you understand today's theme "Expressions of requests"? Next time, we will study "Expressions with two objects, such as the sentence pattern "S+V+O+O". See you!

See you next time!

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy

 


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