*ENGLISH Japanese Study Course

⓬Expressions of Desire

2023年7月11日

【広告】RAKUTEN

Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!

We introduce how to study Japanese while listening to Japanese heroine anime songs. キューティーハニー, エースをねらえ, アタックNo.1, 魔女っ子メグちゃん, Japanese Songs, @Kanbe_Ryusho2023

Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!

This time is an extra lesson. We will introduce how to study Japanese while enjoying original YouTube karaoke videos. Enjoy nostalgic anime & hero theme songs!

Japanese Study Course
Japanese Study Course

This is a free online teaching material for foreigners to learn Japanese. The course is designed that you can naturally acquire knowledge by lying down at home.

❶Basic Pronouns
❶Basic Pronouns

Pronouns are the basis of grammar. Now, let's check the list of personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns.

❷Modification of Nouns
❷Modification of Nouns

Modifying nouns with pronouns, other nouns, to-infinitives, participles and relative pronouns. Example, in Japanese usage, 'noun + "の" + noun', as in '先生の辞書'.

❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate

"A は B です" is called a noun predicate sentence. - "A は B が好きです" is called an adjective predicate sentence. "好きです" consists of 'Adject + Auxiliary verb'. No verb

❹Verbal predicate sentences
❹Verbal predicate sentences

Japanese grammatical constructions like "A は B を・・・。" are called verbal predicate sentences. The predicate part "・・・" consists of 'a verb + an auxiliary verb'.

❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs

If you want to say, "I bought two dictionaries." in Japanese, you would normally say "私は2冊辞書を買った。" To put it politely, it's "私は2冊辞書を買いました。"ます" ➡Past tense "ました"

❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses

Present/Past

❼Verb Situational Expressions
❼Verb Situational Expressions

Verb expressions that indicate the situation have the same form as the present progressive tense. However, that is not progressive action but shows situation.

❽Possible Expressions [1]
❽Possible Expressions [1]

If you want to say, "I can speak English." in Japanese, you would politely say "私は英語ができます。". In another Japanese expression, you would say "私は英語を話すことができます。".

❾Possible Expressions [2]
❾Possible Expressions [2]

We will study verbs that indicate "possible" in Japanese. The verb "買う(buy)" was studied in lesson 5, let me introduce a verb "買える" that indicate "can buy".

➓Future Tense Expression
➓Future Tense Expression

"Shohei Ohtani will not pitch in the baseball game tomorrow." in Japanese, you would normally say "大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合で投げないだろう。". Future tense same as present tense.

⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions

Guess, Conviction, Verb(basic)/Noun/Adj+かもしれない, Possibility Guess, May be, Subjective Conviction, Must be, Objective Conjecture, Should be.

⓬Expressions of Desire
⓬Expressions of Desire

About expressions of desire, if you want to say, "I want to go on a trip with my friends during the summer vacation." in Japanese, you say "私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたいです。".

⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions

We will study the expressions of permissions and prohibitions. "Can I go to Shibuya with my friends tomorrow?" in Japanese, you can say "私は明日、友達と渋谷に行ってもいいですか。".

⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention

Let's study the expressions of invitation & intention such as "Would you like to…/ Let's do…" for invitation & "I would like to…/ I'm going to…" for intention.

⓯Expressions of Requests
⓯Expressions of Requests

Let's study expressions of requests such as "Please do …" or "Will you please do…". If you want to say, "Please open the window." in Japanese, "窓を開けてください。".

⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"

Let's study expressions with two objects such as the pattern S+V+O+O like "I will give her a birthday present." You say "私は彼女に誕生日のプレゼントをあげようと思います。" in Japanese.

⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form

In lesson 17, we'll review the Expressions by verb conjunctive form we have already studied before. Also let's study new usages such as "・・・していきます/・・・してきます" .

⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives

Two types of Japanese adjectives: i-type and na-type. In Lesson 18, we study the usage of i-type adjectives. ex:"赤いリンゴ(a red apple)" or "高い山(a high mountain)".

⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives

Let's study "Usage of na-type adjectives." For example, "きれいな先生", "静かな音楽". They can also be used as an adjective predicate sentence, such as "この音楽は静かだ/静かではない。".

⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"

In Lesson 20, we will study the usage of particle "が" & "は". These two particles are similar in usage, so we will explain in detail how to use them differently.

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Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Japanese Study Course
❶Basic Pronouns
❷Modification of Nouns
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❹Verbal predicate sentences
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❼Verb Situational Expressions
❽Possible Expressions [1]
❾Possible Expressions [2]
➓Future Tense Expression
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓬Expressions of Desire
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓯Expressions of Requests
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
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Japanese Study Course Lesson12

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

Hello everyone. I'm JJ. Nice to meet you! Welcome to Japanese Study Course. In lesson 12, we will study the expressions of desire, such as "I want to…" and "I wanted to…". For example, if you want to say, "I want to go on a trip with my friends during the summer vacation." in Japanese, you would politely say "私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたいです。".

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

We have good news for you!
In Ryusho Kanbe's room, we have just introduced the text-to-speech software "Ondoku-san". Please make full use of the Japanese audio and further improve your Japanese language skills.
Created By ondoku3.com

12-1 Expressions of desire (Present tense)

(1)Affirmative form

Expressions of desire (Affirmative)➡ " Verb( consecutive form )+たい "

  • I want to go on a trip with my friends during the summer vacation.
  • Ordinary:私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたい。
  • Politely:私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたいです。
  • Adding "です" at the end of the sentence makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたい。
  • Polite:私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたいです。
  • 私(title)+は(title particle)
  • +夏休みに(time)
  • +友達(object)+と(objective particle, together)
  • +旅行(subject)+が(nominative particle)
  • +し(verb"する", consecutive form)+たい(auxiliary verb, desire)/ +し(verb"する", consecutive form)+たい(auxiliary verb, desire)+です(auxiliary verb, polite affirmation)。

Vocabulary note

夏休み:(noun) summer vacation
友達 :(noun) friend
と  :(objective particle, together) with/together
旅行 :(noun) trip
 ◆Advanced Study Objective particle "と" ➀:with/together
  • The objective particle of this usage is used to follow a noun and indicate a person who performs an action together.
  • It is used in the form of "noun(object, person) + と".
  • For example, She married Mr. Tanaka, a senior at university. 彼女は大学の先輩の田中さんと結婚しました。
  • I want to go on a trip with my friends during the summer vacation.  私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたいです。

(2)Negative form

Expressions of desire (Negative) ➡ " Verb( consecutive form )+たくない "

  • I am so tired today that I don't want to go anywhere.
  • Ordinary:私は今日、大変疲れているので、どこにも行きたくない。
  • Politely:私は今日、大変疲れているので、どこにも行きたくないです。
  • Adding "です" at the end of the sentence makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:私は今日、大変疲れているので、どこにも行きたくない。
  • Polite:私は今日、大変疲れているので、どこにも行きたくないです。
  • 私(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +今日(time)+大変疲れているので(phrase for reason)、
  • どこにも(place)
  • +行き(verb"行く", consecutive form)+たく(auxiliary verb"たい", negative form, desire)
  • +ない(auxiliary verb, negation)/ +ない(auxiliary verb, negation)+です(auxiliary verb, polite affirmation)。
  • ※「大変疲れているので(phrase for reason)」➡大変(adverb)+疲れて(verb"疲れる", situational form)+いる(auxiliary verb)+ので(conjunction)

Vocabulary note

大変  :(adverb) very/so
疲れる :(verb) get tired
行く  :(verb) go
 ◆Advanced Study  どこ(demonstrative pronoun)+にも(collocation)
どこにもCategory: どこ(demonstrative pronoun)+にも(collocation)
Meaningnot ・・・ anywhere
Advanced commentary

どこにも(place)➡どこ(demonstrative pronoun)+にも(collocation:objective particle"に"+adverbial particle"も")

 

12-2 Expressions of desire (Past tense)

(1)Affirmative form

Expressions of desire (Past tense affirmative) ➡ " Verb( consecutive form )+たかった "

  • She and her sister wanted strawberry shortcake.
  • Ordinary:彼女と彼女の妹はイチゴのショートケーキが食べたかった。
  • Politely:彼女と彼女の妹はイチゴのショートケーキが食べたかったです。
  • Adding "です" at the end of the sentence makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:彼女と彼女の妹はイチゴのショートケーキが食べたかった。
  • Polite:彼女と彼女の妹はイチゴのショートケーキが食べたかったです。
  • 彼女と彼女の妹(title)+は(title particle)
  • +イチゴのショートケーキ(subjectt)+が(nominative particle)
  • +食べ(verb"食べる", consecutive form)
  • +たかった(compound auxiliary verb, past tense of desire expression)/ +たかった(compound auxiliary verb, past tense of desire expression)+です(auxiliary verb, polite affirmation)。

Vocabulary note

妹      :(noun) younger sister
イチゴ    :(noun) strawberry
ショートケーキ:(noun) shortcake
 ◆Advanced Study Objective particle "と" ➁:A and B
  • The objective particle of this usage is used to line up two or more nouns together and indicate the meaning "&"
  • It is used in the form of "noun + と +noun".
  • For example, My friend and I went shopping together yesterday. 私と私の友達は昨日、一緒に買い物に行きました。
  • She and her sister wanted strawberry shortcake. 彼女と彼女の妹はイチゴのショートケーキが食べたかったです。
 ◆Advanced Study  たかった(compound auxiliary verb, past tense of desire expression)
たかったCategory: compound auxiliary verb, past tense of desire expression
Meaningwanted
Advanced commentary

たかった➡たかっ(auxiliary verb"たい", past tense form, desire)+た(auxiliary verb, past tense)

(2)Negative form

Expressions of desire (Past tense negative) ➡ " Verb( consecutive form )+たくなかった "

  • She didn't want to be told, "You look like your father."
  • Ordinary:彼女は「父親と似ているね」と言われたくなかった。
  • Politely:彼女は「父親と似ているね」と言われたくなかったです。
  • Adding "です" at the end of the sentence makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:彼女は「父親と似ているね」と言われたくなかった。
  • Polite:彼女は「父親と似ているね」と言われたくなかったです。
  • 彼女(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +「父親と似ているね」(object)+と(objective particle, quotation)
  • +言われ(verb"言われる", consecutive form)+たく(auxiliary verb"たい", negative form, desire)
  • +なかった(compound auxiliary verb, Past tense negation)/ +なかった(compound auxiliary verb, Past tense negation)+です(auxiliary verb, polite affirmation)。
  • ※「『父親と似ているね』(object)」➡『父親(object)+と(objective particle, Judgment of difference)+似て(verb"似る", situational form)+いる(auxiliry verb, situation)+ね(speech particle)』

Vocabulary note

父親  :(noun) father
似ている:(verb) look like
言われる:(verb) be told
 ◆Advanced Study Objective particle "と" ③:quotation
  • The objective particle of this usage is used when quoting the content of a story, thought, etc.
  • It is used in the form of "「・・・」+ と ".
  • For example, The kanji for "龍章" is read as "ryusho". 「龍章」という漢字は「りゅうしょう」と読みます。
  • She didn't want to be told, "You look like your father." 彼女は「父親と似ているね」と言われたくなかったです。
 ◆Advanced Study Objective particle "と" ④:Judgment of difference
  • The objective particle of this usage is used to represent a criteria for judging whether there is any difference.
  • It is used in the form of "noun + と ".
  • For example, That notebook is the same size as mine. あのノートは私のノートと同じサイズです。
  • She didn't want to be told, "You look like your father." 彼女は「父親と似ているね」と言われたくなかった。

Did you understand the four usages of the objective particle "と"?

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy
LADY JJ
LADY JJ

Today's lesson ends here. Ladies and gentlemen, did you understand today's theme "Expressions of desire"? Next time, we will study "Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions". See you!

See you next time!

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy
Japanese Study Course
Japanese Study Course

This is a free online teaching material for foreigners to learn Japanese. The course is designed that you can naturally acquire knowledge by lying down at home.

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Japanese Study Course
日語學習課程
Chinese Study Course
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❷Two Great Samurais & American sages
Beautiful Landscape
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