*ENGLISH Japanese Study Course

⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives

2023年9月24日

【広告】RAKUTEN

Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!

We introduce how to study Japanese while listening to Japanese heroine anime songs. キューティーハニー, エースをねらえ, アタックNo.1, 魔女っ子メグちゃん, Japanese Songs, @Kanbe_Ryusho2023

Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!

This time is an extra lesson. We will introduce how to study Japanese while enjoying original YouTube karaoke videos. Enjoy nostalgic anime & hero theme songs!

Japanese Study Course
Japanese Study Course

This is a free online teaching material for foreigners to learn Japanese. The course is designed that you can naturally acquire knowledge by lying down at home.

❶Basic Pronouns
❶Basic Pronouns

Pronouns are the basis of grammar. Now, let's check the list of personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns.

❷Modification of Nouns
❷Modification of Nouns

Modifying nouns with pronouns, other nouns, to-infinitives, participles and relative pronouns. Example, in Japanese usage, 'noun + "の" + noun', as in '先生の辞書'.

❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate

"A は B です" is called a noun predicate sentence. - "A は B が好きです" is called an adjective predicate sentence. "好きです" consists of 'Adject + Auxiliary verb'. No verb

❹Verbal predicate sentences
❹Verbal predicate sentences

Japanese grammatical constructions like "A は B を・・・。" are called verbal predicate sentences. The predicate part "・・・" consists of 'a verb + an auxiliary verb'.

❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs

If you want to say, "I bought two dictionaries." in Japanese, you would normally say "私は2冊辞書を買った。" To put it politely, it's "私は2冊辞書を買いました。"ます" ➡Past tense "ました"

❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses

Present/Past

❼Verb Situational Expressions
❼Verb Situational Expressions

Verb expressions that indicate the situation have the same form as the present progressive tense. However, that is not progressive action but shows situation.

❽Possible Expressions [1]
❽Possible Expressions [1]

If you want to say, "I can speak English." in Japanese, you would politely say "私は英語ができます。". In another Japanese expression, you would say "私は英語を話すことができます。".

❾Possible Expressions [2]
❾Possible Expressions [2]

We will study verbs that indicate "possible" in Japanese. The verb "買う(buy)" was studied in lesson 5, let me introduce a verb "買える" that indicate "can buy".

➓Future Tense Expression
➓Future Tense Expression

"Shohei Ohtani will not pitch in the baseball game tomorrow." in Japanese, you would normally say "大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合で投げないだろう。". Future tense same as present tense.

⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions

Guess, Conviction, Verb(basic)/Noun/Adj+かもしれない, Possibility Guess, May be, Subjective Conviction, Must be, Objective Conjecture, Should be.

⓬Expressions of Desire
⓬Expressions of Desire

About expressions of desire, if you want to say, "I want to go on a trip with my friends during the summer vacation." in Japanese, you say "私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたいです。".

⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions

We will study the expressions of permissions and prohibitions. "Can I go to Shibuya with my friends tomorrow?" in Japanese, you can say "私は明日、友達と渋谷に行ってもいいですか。".

⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention

Let's study the expressions of invitation & intention such as "Would you like to…/ Let's do…" for invitation & "I would like to…/ I'm going to…" for intention.

⓯Expressions of Requests
⓯Expressions of Requests

Let's study expressions of requests such as "Please do …" or "Will you please do…". If you want to say, "Please open the window." in Japanese, "窓を開けてください。".

⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"

Let's study expressions with two objects such as the pattern S+V+O+O like "I will give her a birthday present." You say "私は彼女に誕生日のプレゼントをあげようと思います。" in Japanese.

⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form

In lesson 17, we'll review the Expressions by verb conjunctive form we have already studied before. Also let's study new usages such as "・・・していきます/・・・してきます" .

⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives

Two types of Japanese adjectives: i-type and na-type. In Lesson 18, we study the usage of i-type adjectives. ex:"赤いリンゴ(a red apple)" or "高い山(a high mountain)".

⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives

Let's study "Usage of na-type adjectives." For example, "きれいな先生", "静かな音楽". They can also be used as an adjective predicate sentence, such as "この音楽は静かだ/静かではない。".

⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"

In Lesson 20, we will study the usage of particle "が" & "は". These two particles are similar in usage, so we will explain in detail how to use them differently.

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Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Japanese Study Course
❶Basic Pronouns
❷Modification of Nouns
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❹Verbal predicate sentences
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❼Verb Situational Expressions
❽Possible Expressions [1]
❾Possible Expressions [2]
➓Future Tense Expression
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓬Expressions of Desire
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓯Expressions of Requests
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
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Japanese Study Course Lesson19

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

There are two types of Japanese adjectives: i-type and na-type. In Lesson 19, we will study the usage of na-type adjectives. For example, it is an adjective used like "きれいな先生(a beautiful teacher)" or "静かな音楽(quiet music)". It can also be used as an adjective predicate sentence, such as "この音楽は静かだ。(This music is quiet.)".

English explanation

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

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In KANBE Ryusho's room, we have just introduced the text-to-speech software "Ondoku-san". Please make full use of the Japanese audio and further improve your Japanese language skills.
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19-1 Noun modification

Noun modification ➡ "na-type adjective + noun": ex. きれいな先生(a beautiful teacher)

Noun modification ➡ "na-type adjective + noun": ex. 静かな音楽(quiet music)

Japanese practice

English explanation

 

19-2 Adjective Predicate Sentence (present tense)

Adjective predicate sentence  “A( subject )が/は B( adjective )。

We studied adjective predicate forms in lesson 3.

(1)Affirmative form

Affirmative form “この音楽は静かだ。(This music is quiet.)”

  • This music is quiet.
  • Ordinary:この音楽は静か
  • Politely:この音楽は静かです。
  • When forming an adjective predicate sentence using the na-type adjective, remove "な" from the na-type adjective and add the affirmative auxiliary verb after it.
  • Replacing "だ" with "です" makes it more polite.

In Japanese grammar, the na-type adjectives are originally classified as "Adjective verbs," but in order to make it easier for foreigners studying Japanese to understand, the concept of "Adjective verbs" is no longer used, the mainstream method is to explain it as the "na-type adjective''. Therefore, KANBE Ryusho's Room is also explained based on this idea.

Japanese practice

English explanation

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:この音楽は静か
  • Politely:この音楽は静かです。
  • この音楽(subject)+は(nominative particle)+静かだ/静かです(adjective predicate)。
  • 静かだ(adjective predicate)➡静か(na-type adjective "静かな", consecutive form)+だ(auxiliary verb, affirmation)
  • 静かです(adjective predicate)➡静か(na-type adjective "静かな", consecutive form)+です(auxiliary verb, polite affirmation)

Vocabulary note

音楽 :(noun) music
静かな:(na-type adjective) quiet

(2)Negative form

Negative form “この音楽は静かではない。(This music is not quiet.)”

  • This music is not quiet.
  • Ordinary:この音楽は静かではない
  • Politely➀:この音楽は静かではないです。
  • To make the negative form of the na-type adjective, remove "な" of the na-type adjective and add a collocation phrase "ではない" indicated negation after it.
  • Adding the auxiliary verb "です" to the end of the na-type adjective predicate sentence makes it more polite.
  • Politely➁:この音楽は静かではありません
  • To make another polite negative form of the na-type adjective, remove "な" of the na-type adjective and add a collocation phrase "ではありません" indicated polite negation after it.

Japanese practice

English explanation

English explanation

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:この音楽は静かではない
  • Politely➀:この音楽は静かではないです。
  • この音楽(subject)+は(nominative particle)+静かではない/静かではないです(adjective predicate)。
  • 静かではない(adjective predicate)➡静か(na-type adjective "静かな", negative form)+ではない(collocation phrase, negation)
  • 静かではないです(adjective predicate)➡静か(na-type adjective "静かな", negative form)+ではない(collocation phrase, negation)+です(auxiliary verb, polite affirmation)
  • ではない(collocation phrase, negation)➡で(conjunction particle)+は(adverbial particle)+ない(auxiliary verb, negation)
  • Politely➁:この音楽は静かではありません
  • この音楽(subject)+は(nominative particle)+静かではありません(adjective predicate)。
  • 静かではありません(adjective predicate)➡静か(na-type adjective "静かな", negative form)+ではありません(collocation phrase, polite negation)
  • ではありません(collocation phrase, polite negation)➡で(conjunction particle)+は(adverbial particle)+あり(verb "ある", consecutive form)+ませ(auxiliary verb "ます", polite, negative form)+ん(auxiliary verb, negation)

(3)Interrogative form (Question)

Interrogative form “このかばんはじょうぶですか。(Is this bag sturdy?)”

  • Is this bag sturdy?
  • Ordinary:このかばんはじょうぶか
  • Politely:このかばんはじょうぶですか
  • To make the interrogative form of the na-type adjective, remove "な" of the na-type adjective and add the ending particle "か" indicated question.
  • Adding the auxiliary verb "です" after the na-type adjective makes it more polite.

Japanese practice

English explanation

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:このかばんはじょうぶか
  • Politely:このかばんはじょうぶですか
  • このかばん(subject)+は(nominative particle)+じょうぶか/じょうぶですか(adjective predicate)。
  • じょうぶか(adjective predicate)➡じょうぶ(na-type adjective "じょうぶな", consecutive form)+か(ending particle, question)
  • じょうぶですか(adjective predicate)➡じょうぶ(na-type adjective "じょうぶな", consecutive form)+です(auxiliary verb, polite affirmation)+か(ending particle, question)

Vocabulary note

かばん  :(noun) bag
じょうぶな:(na-type adjective) sturdy

 

19-3 Adjective Predicate Sentence (past tense)

(1)Affirmative form

Past Affirmative form “彼の部屋はきれいでした。(His room was clean.)”

  • His room was clean.
  • Ordinary:彼の部屋はきれいだった
  • To make the past affirmative form of the na-type adjective, remove "な" of the na-type adjective and add a compound auxiliary verb "だった" indicated past affirmation.
  • Politely:彼の部屋はきれいでした
  • To make the polite past affirmative form of the na-type adjective, remove "な" of the na-type adjective and add a compound auxiliary verb "でした" indicated polite past affirmation.
  • Replacing "だった" with "でした" makes it more polite.

In Japanese grammar, the concept of "Adjective verbs'' is used, so the auxiliary verb "だ'', which indicates affirmation, does not have a consecutive form. However, in this teaching material, it is classified as the "na-type adjective,'' so "だった'' is explained as a kind of a compound auxiliary verb.

Japanese practice

English explanation

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:彼の部屋はきれいだった
  • Politely:彼の部屋はきれいでした
  • 彼の部屋(subject)+は(nominative particle)+きれいだった/きれいでした(adjective predicate)。
  • きれいだった(adjective predicate)➡きれい(na-type adjective "きれいな", consecutive form)+だっ(auxiliary verb "だ", past tense form, affirmation)+た(auxiliary verb, past)
  • きれいでした(adjective predicate)➡きれい(na-type adjective "きれいな", consecutive form)+でし(auxiliary verb "です", past tense form, polite affirmation)+た(auxiliary verb, past)

Vocabulary note

部屋  :(noun) room
きれいな:(na-type adjective) clean

(2)Negative form

Past Negative form “彼の部屋はきれいではなかったです。(His room was not clean.)”

  • His room was not clean.
  • Ordinary:彼の部屋はきれいではなかった
  • Politely➀:彼の部屋はきれいではなかったです。
  • To make the past negative form of a na-type adjective, remove "な" of the na-type adjective and add a collocation phrase "ではなかった" indicated past negation.
  • Adding the auxiliary verb "です" to the end of the na-type adjective predicate sentence makes it more polite.
  • Politely➁:彼の部屋はきれいではありませんでした
  • To form another polite past negative form of the na-type adjective, remove "な" of the na-type adjective and add a collocation phrase for polite past negation "ではありませんでした" at the end of the sentence.

Japanese practice

English explanation

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:彼の部屋はきれいではなかった
  • Politely➀:彼の部屋はきれいではなかったです。
  • 彼の部屋(subject)+は(nominative particle)+きれいではなかった/きれいではなかったです(adjective predicate)。
  • きれいではなかった(adjective predicate)➡きれい(na-type adjective "きれいな", consecutive form)+ではなかった(collocation phrase, past negation)
  • きれいではなかったです(adjective predicate)➡きれい(na-type adjective "きれいな", consecutive form)+ではなかった(collocation phrase, past negation)+です(auxiliary verb, polite affirmation)
  • ではなかった(collocation phrase, past negation)➡で(conjunction particle)+は(adverbial particle)+なかっ(auxiliary verb, past tense form, negation)+た(auxiliary verb, past)
  • Politely➁:彼の部屋はきれいではありませんでした
  • 彼の部屋(subject)+は(nominative particle)+きれいではありませんでした(adjective predicate)。
  • きれいではありませんでした(adjective predicate)➡きれい(na-type adjective "きれいな", consecutive form)+ではありませんでした(collocation phrase, polite past negation)
  • ではありませんでした(collocation phrase, polite past negation)➡で(conjunction particle)+は(adverbial particle)+あり(verb "ある", consecutive form)+ませ(auxiliary verb "ます", polite, negative form)+ん(auxiliary verb, negation)+でし(auxiliary verb "です", past tense form, polite affirmation)+た(auxiliary verb, past)

 

19-4 Adjective Predicate Sentence (AはBが〇〇)

AはBが〇〇 “私はJJ先生が好きだ。(I like teacher JJ.)”

  • I like teacher JJ.
  • Ordinary:私はJJ先生が好きだ。
  • Politely:私はJJ先生が好きです。
  • Replacing "だ" with "です" makes it more polite.

Japanese practice

English explanation

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:私はJJ先生が好きだ。
  • Politely:私はJJ先生が好きです。
  • 私(title)+は(title particle)
  • JJ先生(subject)+が(nominative particle)+好きだ/好きです(adjective predicate)。
  • 好きだ(adjective predicate)➡好き(na-type adjective "好きな", consecutive form)+だ(auxiliary verb, affirmation)
  • 好きです(adjective predicate)➡好き(na-type adjective "好きな", consecutive form)+です(auxiliary verb, polite affirmation)

Vocabulary note

先生 :(noun) teacher
好きな:(na-type adjective) like/favorite

Can you say the following sentence in Japanese?
"Yesterday, I met my favorite teacher JJ in front of the station. She is a very nice Japanese teacher." Now, you will try saying:
昨日、私は大好きなJJ先生に駅前で会いました。 彼女はとても素敵な日本語の先生です。

Rabbit boy
Rabbit boy

Japanese practice

Lady JJ
Lady JJ

Today's lesson ends here. Ladies and gentlemen, did you understand today's theme "Usage of na-type adjectives"? Next time, we will study "Usage of nominative particles." See you!

See you next lesson!

Rabbit boy
Rabbit boy

English explanation

 

YouTube Video

As our new attempt, we have compiled the contents of Lesson 18 into video teaching materials. Please enjoy learning Japanese with easy-to-understand video teaching materials narrated in English.

TUTORIAL★BGM★ "Usage of na-type Adjectives Japanese"(日本語講座「ナー形容詞の用法」)【Lesson 19】

Click here for "No BGM" Video, if you want.

 


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