*ENGLISH Japanese Study Course

⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention

2023年7月25日

【広告】RAKUTEN

Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!

We introduce how to study Japanese while listening to Japanese heroine anime songs. キューティーハニー, エースをねらえ, アタックNo.1, 魔女っ子メグちゃん, Japanese Songs, @Kanbe_Ryusho2023

Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!

This time is an extra lesson. We will introduce how to study Japanese while enjoying original YouTube karaoke videos. Enjoy nostalgic anime & hero theme songs!

Japanese Study Course
Japanese Study Course

This is a free online teaching material for foreigners to learn Japanese. The course is designed that you can naturally acquire knowledge by lying down at home.

❶Basic Pronouns
❶Basic Pronouns

Pronouns are the basis of grammar. Now, let's check the list of personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns.

❷Modification of Nouns
❷Modification of Nouns

Modifying nouns with pronouns, other nouns, to-infinitives, participles and relative pronouns. Example, in Japanese usage, 'noun + "の" + noun', as in '先生の辞書'.

❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate

"A は B です" is called a noun predicate sentence. - "A は B が好きです" is called an adjective predicate sentence. "好きです" consists of 'Adject + Auxiliary verb'. No verb

❹Verbal predicate sentences
❹Verbal predicate sentences

Japanese grammatical constructions like "A は B を・・・。" are called verbal predicate sentences. The predicate part "・・・" consists of 'a verb + an auxiliary verb'.

❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs

If you want to say, "I bought two dictionaries." in Japanese, you would normally say "私は2冊辞書を買った。" To put it politely, it's "私は2冊辞書を買いました。"ます" ➡Past tense "ました"

❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses

Present/Past

❼Verb Situational Expressions
❼Verb Situational Expressions

Verb expressions that indicate the situation have the same form as the present progressive tense. However, that is not progressive action but shows situation.

❽Possible Expressions [1]
❽Possible Expressions [1]

If you want to say, "I can speak English." in Japanese, you would politely say "私は英語ができます。". In another Japanese expression, you would say "私は英語を話すことができます。".

❾Possible Expressions [2]
❾Possible Expressions [2]

We will study verbs that indicate "possible" in Japanese. The verb "買う(buy)" was studied in lesson 5, let me introduce a verb "買える" that indicate "can buy".

➓Future Tense Expression
➓Future Tense Expression

"Shohei Ohtani will not pitch in the baseball game tomorrow." in Japanese, you would normally say "大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合で投げないだろう。". Future tense same as present tense.

⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions

Guess, Conviction, Verb(basic)/Noun/Adj+かもしれない, Possibility Guess, May be, Subjective Conviction, Must be, Objective Conjecture, Should be.

⓬Expressions of Desire
⓬Expressions of Desire

About expressions of desire, if you want to say, "I want to go on a trip with my friends during the summer vacation." in Japanese, you say "私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたいです。".

⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions

We will study the expressions of permissions and prohibitions. "Can I go to Shibuya with my friends tomorrow?" in Japanese, you can say "私は明日、友達と渋谷に行ってもいいですか。".

⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention

Let's study the expressions of invitation & intention such as "Would you like to…/ Let's do…" for invitation & "I would like to…/ I'm going to…" for intention.

⓯Expressions of Requests
⓯Expressions of Requests

Let's study expressions of requests such as "Please do …" or "Will you please do…". If you want to say, "Please open the window." in Japanese, "窓を開けてください。".

⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"

Let's study expressions with two objects such as the pattern S+V+O+O like "I will give her a birthday present." You say "私は彼女に誕生日のプレゼントをあげようと思います。" in Japanese.

⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form

In lesson 17, we'll review the Expressions by verb conjunctive form we have already studied before. Also let's study new usages such as "・・・していきます/・・・してきます" .

⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives

Two types of Japanese adjectives: i-type and na-type. In Lesson 18, we study the usage of i-type adjectives. ex:"赤いリンゴ(a red apple)" or "高い山(a high mountain)".

⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives

Let's study "Usage of na-type adjectives." For example, "きれいな先生", "静かな音楽". They can also be used as an adjective predicate sentence, such as "この音楽は静かだ/静かではない。".

⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"

In Lesson 20, we will study the usage of particle "が" & "は". These two particles are similar in usage, so we will explain in detail how to use them differently.

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Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Japanese Study Course
❶Basic Pronouns
❷Modification of Nouns
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❹Verbal predicate sentences
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❼Verb Situational Expressions
❽Possible Expressions [1]
❾Possible Expressions [2]
➓Future Tense Expression
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓬Expressions of Desire
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓯Expressions of Requests
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
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Japanese Study Course Lesson14

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

In lesson 14, we will study the expressions of invitation and intention such as "Would you like to…" or "Let's do…" for invitation and "I would like to…" or "I'm going to…" for intention. For example, if you want to say, "Would you like to join our team and play baseball together?" in Japanese, you would politely say "私たちのチームに入って、一緒に野球をしませんか。".

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

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14-1 Expressions of invitation

(1)・・・しないか/・・・しませんか

Expressions of invitation ➡ "Verb( consecutive form)+ないか/ませんか"

  • Would you like to join our team and play baseball together?
  • Ordinary:私たちのチームに入って、一緒に野球をしないか。
  • Politely:私たちのチームに入って、一緒に野球をしませんか。
  • The expression of invitation is to ask the person you want to invite in the form of a negative question, such as "…しないか" or "…しませんか".
  • Replacing "ないか" with "ませんか" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:私たちのチームに入って、一緒に野球をしないか
  • Polite:私たちのチームに入って、一緒に野球をしませんか
  • (subject omission)
  • +私たちのチーム(object)+に(objective particle with directional intent)
  • +入っ(verb "入る", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)、
  • +一緒に(adverb)+野球(object)+を(objective particle)
  • Ordinary:+し(verb "する", negative form)+ない(auxiliary verb, negation)+か(ending particle, question)。
  • Polite:+し(verb "する", consecutive form)+ませ(auxiliary verb "ます", negative form)+ん(auxiliary verb, negation)+か(ending particle, question)。

Vocabulary note

チーム:(noun) team
入る :(verb) join
一緒に:(adverb) together

(2)・・・しよう/・・・しましょう

Expressions of invitation ➡ "Verb( consecutive form)+しよう/しましょう"

  • Let's study together in the library tomorrow afternoon.
  • Ordinary:明日の午後、一緒に図書館で勉強しよう。
  • Politely:明日の午後、一緒に図書館で勉強しましょう。
  • The expression of invitation such as "勉強しよう" or "勉強しましょう" use the auxiliary verb "う" to indicate intention.
  • Replacing "しよう" with "しましょう" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:明日の午後、一緒に図書館で勉強しよう
  • Polite:明日の午後、一緒に図書館で勉強しましょう
  • 明日の午後(time)、(subject omission)
  • +一緒に(adverb)+図書館(place)+で(objective particle, place)
  • Ordinary:+勉強しよ(verb "勉強する", intentional form)+う(auxiliary verb, intention)。
  • Polite:+勉強し(verb "勉強する", consecutive form)+ましょ(auxiliary verb "ます", intentional form, polite)+う(auxiliary verb, intention)。

Vocabulary note

午後:(noun) afternoon
 ◆Advanced Study Conjugation of the auxiliary verb "ます"('sa-line' specific)
Negative form
ませ(ん)
Auxiliary verb "ん" is added after
今日の午後、私は図書館に行きません
I will not go to the library this afternoon.
Past tense form
まし(た)
Auxiliary verb "た" is added after
私は去年北海道に行きました
I went to Hokkaido last year.
Basic form
ます
ます
(auxiliary verb, polite)
Adnominal form
ます(+noun)
Noun is added after
明日は私も図書館に行きますので、必ず私も誘ってくださいね。
I will go to the library tomorrow, so please be sure to invite me too.
Hypothesis form
Not used in normal speech
Imperative form
ませ/まし
いらっしゃいませ
welcome!
Intentional form
ましょ(う)
Auxiliary verb "う" is added after
明日の午後、一緒に図書館で勉強しましょう
Let's study together in the library tomorrow afternoon.

The conjugation form of the auxiliary verb "ます" takes the form of "se, shi, su, se, sho" like "まん, また, ま, ま, ましょう", so it is called the 'sa-line' specific conjugation of verbs

 

14-2 Expressions of intention

(1)・・・しようと思う/・・・しようと思います

Expressions of intention ➡ "Verb( intentional form)+しようと思う/しようと思います"

  • I would like to join your team and play baseball together.
  • Ordinary:私は皆さんのチームに入って、一緒に野球をしようと思う。
  • Politely:私は皆さんのチームに入って、一緒に野球をしようと思います。
  • Replacing "思う" with "思います" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:私は皆さんのチームに入って、一緒に野球をしようと思う
  • Polite:私は皆さんのチームに入って、一緒に野球をしようと思います
  • 私(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +皆さんのチーム(object)+に(objective particle with directional intent)
  • +入っ(verb "入る", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)、
  • +一緒に(adverb)+野球(object)+を(objective particle)
  • +しよ(verb "する", intentional form)+う(auxiliary verb, intention)
  • +と(objective particle, quotation)
  • +思う(verb, basic form)/ +思い(verb "思う", consecutive form)+ます(auxiliary verb, polite)。

Vocabulary note

皆さん:(pronoun) you
思う :(verb) think

(2)・・・しようと思っている/・・・しようと思っています

Expressions of intention ➡ "Verb( intentional form)+しようと思っている/しようと思っています"

  • I'm sick and I'm absent from school for a while, but I'm going to get better soon and study with everyone.
  • Ordinary:今、病気で学校をしばらく休んでいるが、早く良くなってみんなと勉強しようと思っている。
  • Politely:今、病気で学校をしばらく休んでいますが、早く良くなってみんなと勉強しようと思っています。
  • The expression "・・・しようと思っている/・・・しようと思っています" is used when the will is held for a certain period of time.
  • Replacing "いる" with "います" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:今、病気で学校をしばらく休んでいるが、早く良くなってみんなと勉強しようと思っている
  • Polite:今、病気で学校をしばらく休んでいますが、早く良くなってみんなと勉強しようと思っています
  • 今(time)、(subject omission)
  • +病気(object)+で(objective particle, cause/reason)
  • +学校(object)+を(objective particle)
  • +休ん(verb "休む", conjunctive form)+で(conjunction particle)
  • +いる(auxiliary verb, situation)/ +い(auxiliary verb "いる", consecutive form, situation)+ます(auxiliary verb, polite)
  • +が(conjunction)、
  • +早く(adverb)
  • +良くなっ(verb "良くなる", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)
  • +みんな(object)+と(objective particle, with/together)
  • +勉強しよ(verb "勉強する", intentional form)+う(auxiliary verb, intention)
  • +と(objective particle, quotation)
  • +思っ(verb "思う", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)
  • +いる(auxiliary verb, situation)/ +い(auxiliary verb "いる", consecutive form)+ます(auxiliary verb, polite)。

Vocabulary note

病気  :(noun) sickness
学校  :(noun) school
休む  :(verb) be absent
早く  :(adverb) soon
良くなる:(verb) get better
みんな :(noun) everyone
 ◆Advanced Study Objective particle "で" ➁:cause/reason
  • There are many ways to use the objective particle "で", but the usage here indicates the cause or reason.
  • It is used in the form of "noun(object, matter)+ で".
  • For example, My house was destroyed by the typhoon yesterday. 昨日の台風で自宅が壊れました。
  • I'm sick and I'm absent from school for a while, but I'm going to get better soon and study with everyone. 今、病気で学校をしばらく休んでいますが、早く良くなってみんなと勉強しようと思っています。

"I'm thinking of mastering Japanese as soon as possible."「私は一日でも早く日本語をマスターしようと思っています。

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy
LADY JJ
LADY JJ

Today's lesson ends here. Ladies and gentlemen, did you understand today's theme "Expressions of Invitation and Intention"? Next time, we will study "Expressions of the request" such as "Please do…". See you!

See you next time!

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy

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