*ENGLISH Japanese Study Course

⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"

2023年8月10日

【広告】RAKUTEN

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Japanese Study Course
Japanese Study Course

This is a free online teaching material for foreigners to learn Japanese. The course is designed that you can naturally acquire knowledge by lying down at home.

❶Basic Pronouns
❶Basic Pronouns

Pronouns are the basis of grammar. Now, let's check the list of personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns.

❷Modification of Nouns
❷Modification of Nouns

Modifying nouns with pronouns, other nouns, to-infinitives, participles and relative pronouns. Example, in Japanese usage, 'noun + "の" + noun', as in '先生の辞書'.

❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate

"A は B です" is called a noun predicate sentence. - "A は B が好きです" is called an adjective predicate sentence. "好きです" consists of 'Adject + Auxiliary verb'. No verb

❹Verbal predicate sentences
❹Verbal predicate sentences

Japanese grammatical constructions like "A は B を・・・。" are called verbal predicate sentences. The predicate part "・・・" consists of 'a verb + an auxiliary verb'.

❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs

If you want to say, "I bought two dictionaries." in Japanese, you would normally say "私は2冊辞書を買った。" To put it politely, it's "私は2冊辞書を買いました。"ます" ➡Past tense "ました"

❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses

Present/Past

❼Verb Situational Expressions
❼Verb Situational Expressions

Verb expressions that indicate the situation have the same form as the present progressive tense. However, that is not progressive action but shows situation.

❽Possible Expressions [1]
❽Possible Expressions [1]

If you want to say, "I can speak English." in Japanese, you would politely say "私は英語ができます。". In another Japanese expression, you would say "私は英語を話すことができます。".

❾Possible Expressions [2]
❾Possible Expressions [2]

We will study verbs that indicate "possible" in Japanese. The verb "買う(buy)" was studied in lesson 5, let me introduce a verb "買える" that indicate "can buy".

➓Future Tense Expression
➓Future Tense Expression

"Shohei Ohtani will not pitch in the baseball game tomorrow." in Japanese, you would normally say "大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合で投げないだろう。". Future tense same as present tense.

⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions

Guess, Conviction, Verb(basic)/Noun/Adj+かもしれない, Possibility Guess, May be, Subjective Conviction, Must be, Objective Conjecture, Should be.

⓬Expressions of Desire
⓬Expressions of Desire

About expressions of desire, if you want to say, "I want to go on a trip with my friends during the summer vacation." in Japanese, you say "私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたいです。".

⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions

We will study the expressions of permissions and prohibitions. "Can I go to Shibuya with my friends tomorrow?" in Japanese, you can say "私は明日、友達と渋谷に行ってもいいですか。".

⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention

Let's study the expressions of invitation & intention such as "Would you like to…/ Let's do…" for invitation & "I would like to…/ I'm going to…" for intention.

⓯Expressions of Requests
⓯Expressions of Requests

Let's study expressions of requests such as "Please do …" or "Will you please do…". If you want to say, "Please open the window." in Japanese, "窓を開けてください。".

⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"

Let's study expressions with two objects such as the pattern S+V+O+O like "I will give her a birthday present." You say "私は彼女に誕生日のプレゼントをあげようと思います。" in Japanese.

⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form

In lesson 17, we'll review the Expressions by verb conjunctive form we have already studied before. Also let's study new usages such as "・・・していきます/・・・してきます" .

⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives

Two types of Japanese adjectives: i-type and na-type. In Lesson 18, we study the usage of i-type adjectives. ex:"赤いリンゴ(a red apple)" or "高い山(a high mountain)".

⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives

Let's study "Usage of na-type adjectives." For example, "きれいな先生", "静かな音楽". They can also be used as an adjective predicate sentence, such as "この音楽は静かだ/静かではない。".

⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"

In Lesson 20, we will study the usage of particle "が" & "は". These two particles are similar in usage, so we will explain in detail how to use them differently.

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Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Japanese Study Course
❶Basic Pronouns
❷Modification of Nouns
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❹Verbal predicate sentences
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❼Verb Situational Expressions
❽Possible Expressions [1]
❾Possible Expressions [2]
➓Future Tense Expression
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓬Expressions of Desire
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓯Expressions of Requests
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
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Japanese Study Course Lesson16

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

In lesson 16, we will study the expressions with two objects, such as the sentence pattern "S+V+O+O." For example, if you want to say, "I will give her a birthday present." in Japanese, you would politely say "私は彼女に誕生日のプレゼントをあげようと思います。".

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

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16-1 Receiver + particle "に"

(1)AにBをあげる

Expressions of S+V+O+O ➡ "A( receiver )に+B(something)を+あげる"

  • I will give her a birthday present.
  • Ordinary:私は彼女に誕生日のプレゼントをあげようと思う。
  • Politely:私は彼女に誕生日のプレゼントをあげようと思います。
  • Use the particle "に" after the person you give something to, and use the particle "を" after the item you provide. It is important to distinguish between the particle "に" and the particle "を".
  • The verb "あげる" can also be called the verb "さしあげる". This verb "さしあげる" emphasizes the directional intention more than the verb "あげる".
  • Ordinary:私は彼女に誕生日のプレゼントをさしあげようと思う。
  • Politely:私は彼女に誕生日のプレゼントをさしあげようと思います。
  • Replacing "思う" with "思います" makes it more polite.

There is no problem in changing the order of "彼女に" and "誕生日のプレゼントを" to say "私は誕生日のプレゼントを彼女にあげようと思う。" or "私は誕生日のプレゼントを彼女にあげようと思います。". However, be careful not to make a mistake in adding the objective particle "に" after a person and the objective particle "を" after a thing.

In this course, we will use word order like ”AにBをあげる” as the basic word order, so if you are in the Japanese beginner class, please memorize the basic style so that you do not make mistakes with the word order rules.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:私は彼女誕生日のプレゼントあげようと思う。
  • Politely:私は彼女誕生日のプレゼントあげようと思います。
  • 私(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +彼女(object, receiver)+に(objective particle, with directional intent)
  • +誕生日のプレゼント(object)+を(objective particle)
  • +あげよ(verb "あげる", intentional form)+う(auxiliary verb, intention)
  • +と(objective particle, quotation)※We studied how to use the particle "と" in Lesson 12:Expressions of Desire.
  • +思う(verb, basic form)/ +思い(verb "思う", consecutive form)+ます(auxiliary verb, polite)。

Vocabulary note

誕生日  :(noun) birthday
プレゼント:(noun) present
あげる  :(verb) give
さしあげる:(verb) give, to emphasizes directional intent

(2)AにBを・・・してあげる

Expressions of S+V+O+O ➡ "A( receiver )に+B(something)を+あげる/ +・・・し++あげる"

  • I lent money to my friend.
  • Ordinary:私は私の友人にお金を貸してあげた。
  • Politely:私は私の友人にお金を貸してあげました。
  • Use the particle "に" after the person you give something to, and use the particle "を" after the item you provide. It is important to distinguish between the particle "に" and the particle "を".
  • Replacing "あげた" with "あげました" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:私は私の友人お金を貸してあげた。
  • Politely:私は私の友人お金を貸してあげました。
  • 私(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +私の友人(object, receiver)+に(objective particle, with directional intent)
  • +お金(object)+を(objective particle)
  • +貸し(verb "貸す", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)
  • +あげ(verb "あげる", past tense form)+た(auxiliary verb, past tense)/ +あげ(verb "あげる", consecutive form)+まし(auxiliary verb "ます", polite) +た(auxiliary verb, past tense)。

Vocabulary note

友人:(noun) friend
お金:(noun) money
貸す:(verb) lend

(3)AにBをくれる/・・・してくれる

Expressions of S+V+O+O ➡ "A( receiver )に+B(something)を+くれる/ +・・・してくれる"

  • My grandmother bought me a toy.
  • Ordinary:祖母は私におもちゃを買ってくれた。
  • Politely:祖母は私におもちゃを買ってくれました。
  • Use the particle "に" after the person you give something to, and use the particle "を" after the item you provide. It is important to distinguish between the particle "に" and the particle "を".
  • Replacing "くれた" with "くれました" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:祖母は私おもちゃ買ってくれた。
  • Politely:祖母は私おもちゃ買ってくれました。
  • 祖母(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +私(object, receiver)+に(objective particle, with directional intent)
  • +おもちゃ(object)+を(objective particle)
  • +買っ(verb "買う", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)
  • +くれ(verb "くれる", past tense form)+た(auxiliary verb, past tense)/ +くれ(verb "くれる", consecutive form)+まし(auxiliary verb "ます", polite) +た(auxiliary verb, past tense)。

Vocabulary note

祖母  :(noun) grandmother
おもちゃ:(noun) toy
買う  :(verb) buy
くれる :(verb) give

(4)AにBを・・・する

Expressions of S+V+O+O ➡ "A( receiver )に+B(something)を+・・・する"

  • I teach them English early in the morning every day.
  • Ordinary:私は毎日早朝に彼ら英語を教えている。
  • Politely:私は毎日早朝に彼らに英語を教えています。
  • Use the particle "に" after the person you give something to, and use the particle "を" after the item you provide. It is important to distinguish between the particle "に" and the particle "を".
  • The particle "に" in "毎日早朝に'' is used to indicate the timing at which an event occurs.
  • Replacing "いる" with "います" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:私は毎日早朝に彼ら英語教えている。
  • Politely:私は毎日早朝に彼ら英語教えています。
  • 私(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +毎日(time)+早朝(time)+に(objective particle, timing)
  • +私(object, receiver)+に(objective particle, with directional intent)
  • +おもちゃ(object)+を(objective particle)
  • +買っ(verb "買う", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)
  • +くれ(verb "くれる", past tense form)+た(auxiliary verb, past tense)/ +くれ(verb "くれる", consecutive form)+まし(auxiliary verb "ます", polite) +た(auxiliary verb, past tense)。
 ◆Advanced Study objective particle "に" ③:timing
  • The objective particle of this usage is used to add immediately after a noun indicating the timing at which an event occurs.
  • It is used in the form of "noun(time) + に".
  • For example, I left Japan on August 1st, stayed in Hawaii for a week, and returned to Japan on August 8th. 8月1日に日本を出発し、1週間ハワイに滞在して、8月8日に帰国しました。
  • I teach them English early in the morning every day. 私は毎日早朝に彼らに英語を教えています。

 

16-2 Giver + particle "に"

(1)AにBを・・・してもらう

Expressions of S+V+O+O ➡ "A( giver )に+B(something)を・・・し++もらう"

  • Yesterday, I was very tired from work, so I asked my wife to give me a massage.
  • Ordinary:昨日、仕事で大変疲れたので、妻にマッサージをしてもらった。
  • Politely:昨日、仕事で大変疲れたので、妻にマッサージをしてもらいました。
  • Use the particle "に" after the person who provide you something, and use the particle "を" after the item you receive. It is important to distinguish between the particle "に" and the particle "を".
  • Replacing "もらった" with "もらいました" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:昨日、仕事で大変疲れたので、妻マッサージしてもらった。
  • Politely:昨日、仕事で大変疲れたので、妻マッサージしてもらいました。
  • 昨日(time)、+仕事で大変疲れたので(subordinate clause, reason)、
  • +(subject omission)
  • +妻(object, giver)+に(objective particle, causative/passive)
  • +マッサージ(object)+を(objective particle)
  • +し(verb "する", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)
  • +もらっ(verb "もらう", past tense form)+た(auxiliary verb, past tense)/ +もらい(verb "もらう", consecutive form)+まし(auxiliary verb "ます", past tense form, polite)+た(auxiliary verb, past tense)。

Vocabulary note

昨日   :(noun) yesterday
仕事   :(noun) work
疲れる  :(verb) be tired
妻    :(noun) wife
マッサージ:(noun) massage
もらう  :(verb) get/receive
 ◆Advanced Study objective particle "に" ④:causative/passive
  • The objective particle of this usage is used to add immediately after a noun indicating the subject of action in sentences with causative verb or passive verb.
  • It is used in the form of "noun + に".
  • For example, 'My older sister taught me English when I was in kindergarten.' 私は幼稚園のときに姉に英語を教えてもらいました。
  • Yesterday, I was very tired from work, so I asked my wife to give me a massage. 昨日、仕事で大変疲れたので、妻にマッサージをしてもらいました。

(2)AからBをもらう/・・・してもらう

Expressions of S+V+O+O ➡ "A( giver )から+B(something)をもらう/・・・し++もらう"

  • When I was in kindergarten, my older sister taught me English.
  • Ordinary:私は幼稚園のときに姉から英語を教えてもらった。
  • Politely:私は幼稚園のときに姉から英語を教えてもらいました。
  • Instead of using the particle "に" after the person who provide you something, the objective particle "から" can be used. Using the particle "から" instead of the particle "に" emphasizes the meaning of "from someone".
  • Replacing "もらった" with "もらいました" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:私は幼稚園のときに姉から英語を教えてもらった。
  • Politely:私は幼稚園のときに姉から英語を教えてもらいました。
  • 私(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • 幼稚園のとき(time)+に(objective particle, timing)
  • +姉(object, giver)+から(objective particle, causative/passive)
  • +英語(object)+を(objective particle)
  • +教え(verb "教える", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)
  • +もらっ(verb "もらう", past tense form)+た(auxiliary verb, past tense)/ +もらい(verb "もらう", consecutive form)+まし(auxiliary verb "ます", past tense form, polite)+た(auxiliary verb, past tense)。

Vocabulary note

幼稚園:(noun) kindergarten
姉  :(noun) older sister
英語 :(noun) English
教える:(verb) teach
 ◆Advanced Study objective particle "から" ➁:causative/passive
  • The objective particle of this usage is used to add immediately after a noun indicating the subject of action in sentences with causative verb or passive verb.
  • Using the particle "から" instead of the particle "に" emphasizes the meaning of "from someone".
  • It is used in the form of "noun + から".
  • For example, 'I was praised by my teacher.' 私は先生からほめられました。
  • When I was in kindergarten, my older sister taught me English. 私は幼稚園のときに姉から英語を教えてもらいました。

"私は幼稚園のときに姉から英語を教えてもらいました。" can also say "私は幼稚園のときから姉に英語を教えてもらいました。". In this case, "から" is "➀: origin of range" usage, and "に" is "④: causative/passive" usage. Please review properly!!

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy
LADY JJ
LADY JJ

Today's lesson ends here. Ladies and gentlemen, did you understand today's theme "Expressions of S+V+O+O"? Next time, we will study "Expressions by verb conjunctive form." See you!

See you next time!

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy

 


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