*ENGLISH Japanese Study Course

➓Future Tense Expressions

2023年5月22日

【広告】RAKUTEN

Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!

We introduce how to study Japanese while listening to Japanese heroine anime songs. キューティーハニー, エースをねらえ, アタックNo.1, 魔女っ子メグちゃん, Japanese Songs, @Kanbe_Ryusho2023

Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!

This time is an extra lesson. We will introduce how to study Japanese while enjoying original YouTube karaoke videos. Enjoy nostalgic anime & hero theme songs!

Japanese Study Course
Japanese Study Course

This is a free online teaching material for foreigners to learn Japanese. The course is designed that you can naturally acquire knowledge by lying down at home.

❶Basic Pronouns
❶Basic Pronouns

Pronouns are the basis of grammar. Now, let's check the list of personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns.

❷Modification of Nouns
❷Modification of Nouns

Modifying nouns with pronouns, other nouns, to-infinitives, participles and relative pronouns. Example, in Japanese usage, 'noun + "の" + noun', as in '先生の辞書'.

❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate

"A は B です" is called a noun predicate sentence. - "A は B が好きです" is called an adjective predicate sentence. "好きです" consists of 'Adject + Auxiliary verb'. No verb

❹Verbal predicate sentences
❹Verbal predicate sentences

Japanese grammatical constructions like "A は B を・・・。" are called verbal predicate sentences. The predicate part "・・・" consists of 'a verb + an auxiliary verb'.

❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs

If you want to say, "I bought two dictionaries." in Japanese, you would normally say "私は2冊辞書を買った。" To put it politely, it's "私は2冊辞書を買いました。"ます" ➡Past tense "ました"

❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses

Present/Past

❼Verb Situational Expressions
❼Verb Situational Expressions

Verb expressions that indicate the situation have the same form as the present progressive tense. However, that is not progressive action but shows situation.

❽Possible Expressions [1]
❽Possible Expressions [1]

If you want to say, "I can speak English." in Japanese, you would politely say "私は英語ができます。". In another Japanese expression, you would say "私は英語を話すことができます。".

❾Possible Expressions [2]
❾Possible Expressions [2]

We will study verbs that indicate "possible" in Japanese. The verb "買う(buy)" was studied in lesson 5, let me introduce a verb "買える" that indicate "can buy".

➓Future Tense Expression
➓Future Tense Expression

"Shohei Ohtani will not pitch in the baseball game tomorrow." in Japanese, you would normally say "大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合で投げないだろう。". Future tense same as present tense.

⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions

Guess, Conviction, Verb(basic)/Noun/Adj+かもしれない, Possibility Guess, May be, Subjective Conviction, Must be, Objective Conjecture, Should be.

⓬Expressions of Desire
⓬Expressions of Desire

About expressions of desire, if you want to say, "I want to go on a trip with my friends during the summer vacation." in Japanese, you say "私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたいです。".

⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions

We will study the expressions of permissions and prohibitions. "Can I go to Shibuya with my friends tomorrow?" in Japanese, you can say "私は明日、友達と渋谷に行ってもいいですか。".

⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention

Let's study the expressions of invitation & intention such as "Would you like to…/ Let's do…" for invitation & "I would like to…/ I'm going to…" for intention.

⓯Expressions of Requests
⓯Expressions of Requests

Let's study expressions of requests such as "Please do …" or "Will you please do…". If you want to say, "Please open the window." in Japanese, "窓を開けてください。".

⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"

Let's study expressions with two objects such as the pattern S+V+O+O like "I will give her a birthday present." You say "私は彼女に誕生日のプレゼントをあげようと思います。" in Japanese.

⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form

In lesson 17, we'll review the Expressions by verb conjunctive form we have already studied before. Also let's study new usages such as "・・・していきます/・・・してきます" .

⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives

Two types of Japanese adjectives: i-type and na-type. In Lesson 18, we study the usage of i-type adjectives. ex:"赤いリンゴ(a red apple)" or "高い山(a high mountain)".

⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives

Let's study "Usage of na-type adjectives." For example, "きれいな先生", "静かな音楽". They can also be used as an adjective predicate sentence, such as "この音楽は静かだ/静かではない。".

⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"

In Lesson 20, we will study the usage of particle "が" & "は". These two particles are similar in usage, so we will explain in detail how to use them differently.

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Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Japanese Study Course
❶Basic Pronouns
❷Modification of Nouns
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❹Verbal predicate sentences
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❼Verb Situational Expressions
❽Possible Expressions [1]
❾Possible Expressions [2]
➓Future Tense Expression
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓬Expressions of Desire
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓯Expressions of Requests
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
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Japanese Study Course Lesson10

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

Hello everyone. I'm JJ. Nice to meet you! Welcome to Japanese Study Course. In lesson 10, we will study the future tense expressions in Japanese. For example, if you want to say, "The Angels will win today's baseball game." in Japanese, you would politely say "今日の野球の試合はエンゼルスが勝つでしょう。".

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

We have good news for you!
In Ryusho Kanbe's room, we have just introduced the text-to-speech software "Ondoku-san". Please make full use of the Japanese audio and further improve your Japanese language skills.
Created By ondoku3.com

10-1 Speculation of the future

Future Tense Expressions ➡ " Verb( basic form )+だろう / でしょう "

(1)Affirmative form

  • The Angels will win today's baseball game.
  • Ordinary:今日の野球の試合はエンゼルスが勝つだろう。
  • Politely:今日の野球の試合はエンゼルスが勝つでしょう。
  • Replacing "だろう" with "でしょう" makes it more polite.
  • This expression is used when talking about things in the future, guessing the result.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:今日の野球の試合はエンゼルスが勝つだろう。
  • Polite:今日の野球の試合はエンゼルスが勝つでしょう。
  • 今日の野球の試合(title)+は(title particle)
  • +エンゼルス(subject)+が(nominative particle)
  • +勝つ(verb, basic form)
  • +だろう(compound auxiliary verb, future speculation)/ +でしょう(compound auxiliary verb, polite future speculation)。

Vocabulary note

野球    :(noun) baseball
試合    :(noun) game
エンジェルス:(proper noun) Angels
勝つ    :(verb) win
 ◆Advanced Study Compound auxiliary verb "だろう" & "でしょう"
だろうCategory: compound auxiliary verb
Meaningfuture speculation
Advanced commentary

だろう➡だろ(auxiliary verb"だ", intentional form)+う(auxiliary verb, speculation)
でしょうCategory: compound auxiliary verb
Meaning
: polite future speculation
Advanced commentary

でしょう➡でしょ(auxiliary verb"です", intentional form)+う(auxiliary verb, speculation)
 ◆Advanced Study Conjugation of the verb "勝つ"(Five-step)
Negative form
勝た(ない)
Auxiliary verb "ない" is added after
今日の試合で勝たないと決勝リーグに進めません。
If we don't win today's match, we won't be able to advance to the final league.
Consecutive form
勝ち(ます/ません/ました)
Auxiliary verb "ます/ません/ました" is added after
私は本番に強いので、コンテストで勝ちました
I won the contest because I'm strong in the actual performance.
Past tense form
勝っ(た)

Auxiliary verb "た" is added after
昨日エンジェルスが勝ったので、朝からハッピーな気分だ。
The Angels won yesterday, so I'm feeling happy this morning.
Basic form
勝つ
勝つ
win
今日の野球の試合はエンゼルスが勝つでしょう。
The Angels will win today's baseball game.
Adnominal form
勝つ(+noun)
Noun is added after
あなたは試合に勝つことだけに集中してください。
Just focus on winning the game.
Hypothesis form
勝て(ば)
Conjunction particle "ば" is added after
私も試合に勝てば決勝トーナメントに進めましたが、負けても悔いはないです。
If I won the match, I would have advanced to the final tournament, but even if I lose, I have no regrets.
Imperative form
勝て
The form for giving orders
エンジェルス、勝て
Win, Angels!
Intentional form
勝と(う)
Auxiliary verb "う" is added after
最初から勝負に勝とうと思うと緊張するよ。
You get nervous when you think you're going to win the game from the beginning.

The conjugation form of the verb "勝つ" takes the form of "ta, chi, tsu, te, to" like "勝ない,勝ます,勝,勝ば,勝う", so it is called the five-step conjugation of verbs.

(2)Negative form

  • Shohei Ohtani will not pitch in the baseball game tomorrow.
  • Ordinary:大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合で投げないだろう。
  • Politely:大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合で投げないでしょう。
  • When speculating about a negative outcome, add "だろう" or "でしょう" to the negative form of the verb.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合で投げないだろう。
  • Polite:大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合で投げないでしょう。
  • 大谷翔平(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +明日の野球の試合(place)+で(objective particle, place of action)
  • +投げ(verb, negative form)+ない(auxiliary verb, negation)
  • +だろう(compound auxiliary verb, future speculation)/ +でしょう(compound auxiliary verb, polite future speculation)。

Vocabulary note

大谷翔平:(proper noun) Ohtani Shohei
投げる :(verb) throw/pitch
 ◆Advanced Study Objective particle "で" ➀:place
  • "で" is the objective particle indicating where the action takes place.
  • It is used in the form of "where the action takes place + で".
  • For example, I eat lunch at the cafeteria every day. 私は毎日食堂昼食を食べる。
  • Shohei Ohtani will not pitch in the baseball game tomorrow. 大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合投げないだろう。
 ◆Advanced Study Conjugation of the verb "投げる"(Lower one-step)
Negative form
投げ(ない)
Auxiliary verb "ない" is added after
大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合で投げないでしょう。
Shohei Ohtani will not pitch in the baseball game tomorrow.
Consecutive form
投げ(ます/ません/ました)
Auxiliary verb "ます/ません/ました" is added after
大谷翔平は今日の野球の試合で投げます
Shohei Ohtani will pitch in today's baseball game.
Past tense form
投げ(た)

Auxiliary verb "た" is added after
大谷翔平は昨日の野球の試合で投げた
Shohei Ohtani threw at the baseball game yesterday.
Basic form
投げる
投げる
throw/pitch
Adnominal form
投げる(+noun)
Noun is added after
大谷翔平がピッチャーで投げるときは必ず試合を観戦します。
Whenever Shohei Ohtani throws as a pitcher, I always watch the game.
Hypothesis form
投げれ(ば)
Conjunction particle "ば" is added after
WBCの決勝戦のように、大谷翔平が最終回で投げれば絶対勝つよ。
If Shohei Ohtani pitches in the final inning like in the WBC finals, he will definitely win.
Imperative form
投げろ
The form for giving orders
大谷翔平のように、速球を投げろ
Throw fastballs like Shohei Ohtani!
Intentional form
投げよ(う)
Auxiliary verb "う" is added after
大谷翔平のように多彩な変化球を投げようと思う。
I want to throw a variety of breaking balls like Shohei Ohtani.

The conjugation of the auxiliary verb "投げる" is called the lower one-step conjugation of the auxiliary verb because they all include the "e" sound, such as "投ない,投ます,投げる,投げれば,なげろ(投げよう)".

(3) Interrogative form (Question)

  • Will the Angels win today's baseball game?
  • Ordinary:今日の野球の試合はエンゼルスが勝つだろう
  • Politely:今日の野球の試合はエンゼルスが勝つでしょう
  • Interrogative sentences in the future speculation form are expressed by adding the particle "か" to the affirmative sentence.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:今日の野球の試合はエンゼルスが勝つだろうか。
  • Polite:今日の野球の試合はエンゼルスが勝つでしょうか。
  • 今日の野球の試合(title)+は(title particle)
  • +エンゼルス(subject)+が(nominative particle)
  • +勝つ(verb, basic form)
  • +だろう(compound auxiliary verb, future speculation)/ +でしょう(compound auxiliary verb, polite future speculation)
  • +か(ending particle, question)。

 

10-2 Future tense same as present tense

  • If you know the result or action plan to some extent, even if you are talking about the future, you express it in the same form as the present tense.
  • If you want to say, "I will go fishing with my family tomorrow." in Japanese, you would say "私は明日家族で魚釣りに出かけます。".

The future tense in Japanese is almost always the same as the present tense, so it's easy!

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy
LADY JJ
LADY JJ

Today's lesson ends here. Ladies and gentlemen, did you understand today's theme "Future tense expressions"? Next time, we will study expressions such as "may be", "must be", and "shoud be". See you!

See you next time!

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy
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Japanese Study Course
日語學習課程
Chinese Study Course
Ryukyu Dynasty
❶Two Great Samurais & American sages
❷Two Great Samurais & American sages
Beautiful Landscape
Beautiful landscape of Japan
Hakodate & Southern Hokkaido Special (Autumn)
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