*ENGLISH Japanese Study Course

⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions

2023年6月19日

【広告】RAKUTEN

Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!

We introduce how to study Japanese while listening to Japanese heroine anime songs. キューティーハニー, エースをねらえ, アタックNo.1, 魔女っ子メグちゃん, Japanese Songs, @Kanbe_Ryusho2023

Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!

This time is an extra lesson. We will introduce how to study Japanese while enjoying original YouTube karaoke videos. Enjoy nostalgic anime & hero theme songs!

Japanese Study Course
Japanese Study Course

This is a free online teaching material for foreigners to learn Japanese. The course is designed that you can naturally acquire knowledge by lying down at home.

❶Basic Pronouns
❶Basic Pronouns

Pronouns are the basis of grammar. Now, let's check the list of personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns.

❷Modification of Nouns
❷Modification of Nouns

Modifying nouns with pronouns, other nouns, to-infinitives, participles and relative pronouns. Example, in Japanese usage, 'noun + "の" + noun', as in '先生の辞書'.

❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate

"A は B です" is called a noun predicate sentence. - "A は B が好きです" is called an adjective predicate sentence. "好きです" consists of 'Adject + Auxiliary verb'. No verb

❹Verbal predicate sentences
❹Verbal predicate sentences

Japanese grammatical constructions like "A は B を・・・。" are called verbal predicate sentences. The predicate part "・・・" consists of 'a verb + an auxiliary verb'.

❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs

If you want to say, "I bought two dictionaries." in Japanese, you would normally say "私は2冊辞書を買った。" To put it politely, it's "私は2冊辞書を買いました。"ます" ➡Past tense "ました"

❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses

Present/Past

❼Verb Situational Expressions
❼Verb Situational Expressions

Verb expressions that indicate the situation have the same form as the present progressive tense. However, that is not progressive action but shows situation.

❽Possible Expressions [1]
❽Possible Expressions [1]

If you want to say, "I can speak English." in Japanese, you would politely say "私は英語ができます。". In another Japanese expression, you would say "私は英語を話すことができます。".

❾Possible Expressions [2]
❾Possible Expressions [2]

We will study verbs that indicate "possible" in Japanese. The verb "買う(buy)" was studied in lesson 5, let me introduce a verb "買える" that indicate "can buy".

➓Future Tense Expression
➓Future Tense Expression

"Shohei Ohtani will not pitch in the baseball game tomorrow." in Japanese, you would normally say "大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合で投げないだろう。". Future tense same as present tense.

⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions

Guess, Conviction, Verb(basic)/Noun/Adj+かもしれない, Possibility Guess, May be, Subjective Conviction, Must be, Objective Conjecture, Should be.

⓬Expressions of Desire
⓬Expressions of Desire

About expressions of desire, if you want to say, "I want to go on a trip with my friends during the summer vacation." in Japanese, you say "私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたいです。".

⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions

We will study the expressions of permissions and prohibitions. "Can I go to Shibuya with my friends tomorrow?" in Japanese, you can say "私は明日、友達と渋谷に行ってもいいですか。".

⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention

Let's study the expressions of invitation & intention such as "Would you like to…/ Let's do…" for invitation & "I would like to…/ I'm going to…" for intention.

⓯Expressions of Requests
⓯Expressions of Requests

Let's study expressions of requests such as "Please do …" or "Will you please do…". If you want to say, "Please open the window." in Japanese, "窓を開けてください。".

⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"

Let's study expressions with two objects such as the pattern S+V+O+O like "I will give her a birthday present." You say "私は彼女に誕生日のプレゼントをあげようと思います。" in Japanese.

⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form

In lesson 17, we'll review the Expressions by verb conjunctive form we have already studied before. Also let's study new usages such as "・・・していきます/・・・してきます" .

⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives

Two types of Japanese adjectives: i-type and na-type. In Lesson 18, we study the usage of i-type adjectives. ex:"赤いリンゴ(a red apple)" or "高い山(a high mountain)".

⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives

Let's study "Usage of na-type adjectives." For example, "きれいな先生", "静かな音楽". They can also be used as an adjective predicate sentence, such as "この音楽は静かだ/静かではない。".

⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"

In Lesson 20, we will study the usage of particle "が" & "は". These two particles are similar in usage, so we will explain in detail how to use them differently.

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Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Japanese Study Course
❶Basic Pronouns
❷Modification of Nouns
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❹Verbal predicate sentences
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❼Verb Situational Expressions
❽Possible Expressions [1]
❾Possible Expressions [2]
➓Future Tense Expression
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓬Expressions of Desire
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓯Expressions of Requests
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
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Japanese Study Course Lesson11

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

Hello everyone. I'm JJ. Nice to meet you! Welcome to Japanese Study Course. In lesson 11, we will study the following guess/conviction expressions:
1) Possibility Guess( May be )
2) Subjective Conviction( Must be )
3) Objective Conjecture( Should be )

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

We have good news for you!
In Ryusho Kanbe's room, we have just introduced the text-to-speech software "Ondoku-san". Please make full use of the Japanese audio and further improve your Japanese language skills.
Created By ondoku3.com

11-1 Possibility Guess( May be )

Possibility Guess ➡ " Verb( basic form )/ Noun / Adjective +かもしれない / かもしれません "

(1)Verb( basic form )+かもしれない / かもしれません

 ➀Affirmative form
  • He may be at home.
  • Ordinary:彼は自宅にいるかもしれない。
  • Politely:彼は自宅にいるかもしれません。
  • Replacing "かもしれない" with "かもしれません" makes it more polite.
  • You can also use the particle "かも" at the end of the sentence to shorten it as "彼は自宅にいるかも。".

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:彼は自宅にいるかもしれない。
  • Polite:彼は自宅にいるかもしれません。
  • 彼(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +自宅(object)+に(objective particle, place)
  • +いる(verb, basic form)
  • +かもしれない(collocation phrase, possibility guess)/ +かもしれません(collocation phrase, polite possibility guess)。
  • Other expression:彼は自宅にいるかも。
  • 彼(subject)+は(nominative particle)+自宅(object)+に(objective particle, place)+いる(verb, basic form)+かも(ending particle, possibility guess)。

Vocabulary note

自宅     :(noun) home
 ◆Advanced Study Collocation phrase "かもしれない/かもしれません"
かもしれないCategory: collocation phrase
Meaningpossibility guess, may be
Advanced commentary

かもしれない ➡ か(adverbial particle)+も(adverbial particle)+しれ(verb"知れる", negative form)+ない(auxiliary verb, negation)
知れる:(verb) can know/I understand naturally/prove
かもしれませんCategory: collocation phrase
Meaning
: polite possibility guess, may be
Advanced commentary

かもしれません➡か(adverbial particle)+も(adverbial particle)+しれ(verb"知れる", consecutive form)+ませ(auxiliary verb"ます", negative form)+ん(auxiliary verb, negation)
 ➁Negative form
  • He may not be at home.
  • Ordinary:彼は自宅にいないかもしれない。
  • Politely:彼は自宅にいないかもしれません。
  • Replacing "かもしれない" with "かもしれません" makes it more polite.
  • You can also use the particle "かも" at the end of the sentence to shorten it as "彼は自宅にいないかも。".

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:彼は自宅にいないかもしれない。
  • Polite:彼は自宅にいないかもしれません。
  • 彼(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +自宅(object)+に(objective particle, place)
  • +い(verb"いる", negative form)+ない(auxiliary verb, negation)
  • +かもしれない(collocation phrase, possibility guess)/ +かもしれません(collocation phrase, polite possibility guess)。
  • Other expression:彼は自宅にいないかも。
  • 彼(subject)+は(nominative particle)+自宅(object)+に(objective particle, place)+い(verb"いる", negative form)+ない(auxiliary verb, negation)+かも(ending particle, possibility guess)。

(2)Noun +かもしれない / かもしれません

  • Your child may be a genius.
  • Ordinary:あなたのお子さんは天才かもしれない。
  • Politely:あなたのお子さんは天才かもしれません。
  • Replacing "かもしれない" with "かもしれません" makes it more polite.
  • You can also use the particle "かも" at the end of the sentence to shorten it as "あなたのお子さんは天才かも。".

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:あなたのお子さんは天才かもしれない。
  • Polite:あなたのお子さんは天才かもしれません。
  • あなたのお子さん(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +天才かもしれない(noun predicate)/ +天才かもしれません(noun predicate)。
  • ※「天才かもしれない(noun predicate)」➡天才(noun)+かもしれない(collocation phrase, possibility guess)
  • ※「天才かもしれません(noun predicate)」➡天才(noun)+かもしれません(collocation phrase, polite possibility guess)
  • Other expression:あなたのお子さんは天才かも。
  • あなたのお子さん(subject)+は(nominative particle)+天才かも(noun predicate)。
  • ※「天才かも(noun predicate)」➡天才(noun)+かも(ending particle, possibility guess)
  • See Lesson 3(Noun Predicate) for more information on noun predicate sentences.

Vocabulary note

お子さん:(noun) child
天才  :(noun) genius

(3)Adjective +かもしれない / かもしれません

  • This is a fine dining restaurant, so prices may be high.
  • Ordinary:ここは高級レストランなので、価格が高いかもしれない。
  • Politely:ここは高級レストランなので、価格が高いかもしれません。
  • Replacing "かもしれない" with "かもしれません" makes it more polite.
  • You can also use the particle "かも" at the end of the sentence to shorten it as "ここは高級レストランなので、価格が高いかも。".

Detailed explanation

  • First sentence:ここは高級レストランなので、
  • ここは(subject)+高級レストラン(noun predicate)+なので("な"[auxiliary verb”だ”, consecutive form] + "ので"[conjunction])、
  • Ordinary:価格が高いかもしれない。
  • Polite:価格が高いかもしれません。
  • 価格(subject)+が(nominative particle)
  • +高いかもしれない(adjective predicate)/ +高いかもしれません(adjective predicate)。
  • ※「高いかもしれない(adjective predicate)」➡高い(adjective)+かもしれない(collocation phrase, possibility guess)
  • ※「高いかもしれません(adjective predicate)」➡高い(adjective)+かもしれません(collocation phrase, polite possibility guess)
  • Other expression:価格が高いかも。
  • 価格(subject)+が(nominative particle)+高いかも(adjective predicate)。
  • ※「高いかも(adjective predicate)」➡高い(adjective)+かも(ending particle, possibility guess)
  • See Lesson 3(Adjective Predicate) for more information on adjective predicate sentences.

Vocabulary note

高級レストラン:(noun) fine dining restaurant
価格     :(noun) price
高い     :(adjective) high/expensive

 

11-2 Subjective Conviction( Must be )

Subjective Conviction ➡ " Verb( basic form )/ Noun / Adjective+にちがいない / にちがいありません "

  • She must be able to speak Chinese.
  • Ordinary:彼女は中国語を話せるにちがいない。
  • Politely:彼女は中国語を話せるにちがいありません。
  • Replacing "ない" with "ありません" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:彼女は中国語が話せるにちがいない。
  • Polite:彼女は中国語が話せるにちがいありません。
  • 彼女(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +中国語(object)+を(objective particle)
  • +話せる(verb)
  • +にちがいない(collocation phrase, subjective conviction)/ +にちがいありません(collocation phrase, polite subjective conviction)。

Vocabulary note

中国語      :(noun) Chinese
話せる      :(verb) can speak
※Regarding verbs that indicate "possible expression", please refer to Lesson 9(Possible Expressions [2]).
 ◆Advanced Study Collocation phrase "にちがいない/にちがいありません"
にちがいないCategory: collocation phrase
Meaningsubjective conviction, must be
Advanced commentary

にちがいない ➡ に(objective particle)+ちがい(noun)+ない(auxiliary verb, negation)
ちがい(違い):(noun) difference
にちがいありませんCategory: collocation phrase
Meaning
polite subjective conviction, must be
Advanced commentary

にちがいありません ➡ に(objective particle)+ちがい(noun)+あり(verb"ある", consecutive form)+ませ(auxiliary verb"ます", negative form)+ん(auxiliary verb, negation)

 

11-3 Objective Conjecture( Should be )

Objective Conjecture ➡ " Verb( adnominal form )/ Noun+"の" / Adjective +はずだ / はずです "

  • She lived in China for five years, so she should be able to speak Chinese.
  • Ordinary:彼女は中国に5年間住んでいたので、中国語を話せるはずだ。
  • Politely:彼女は中国に5年間住んでいたので、中国語を話せるはずです。
  • Replacing "だ" with "です" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:彼女は中国に5年間住んでいたので、中国語を話せるはずだ。
  • Polite:彼女は中国に5年間住んでいたので、中国語を話せるはずです。
  • 彼女(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +中国に5年間住んでいたので(subordinate clause, reason)、
  • +中国語を話せるはずだ(noun predicate)/ +中国語を話せるはずです(noun predicate)。
  • ※「中国語を話せるはずだ(noun predicate)」➡中国語を話せる(noun modifier)+はず(noun)+だ(auxiliary verb, affirmation)
  • ※「中国語を話せるはずです(noun predicate)」➡中国語を話せる(noun modifier)+はず(noun)+です(auxiliary verb, polite affirmation)
  • ※「中国に5年間住んでいたので(subordinate clause, reason)」➡中国(object)+に(objective particle, place)+5年間(time)+住んで(verb"住む", consecutive form)+い(auxiliary verb"いる", past tense form)+た(auxiliary verb, past tense)+ので(conjunction)
  • ※「中国語を話せる(noun modifier)」➡中国語(object)+を(objective particle)+話せる(verb"話せる", adnominal form)

Vocabulary note

中国:(noun) China
住む:(verb) live
はず:(noun) should

Please note that in the case of a noun predicate sentence, it becomes "〇〇のはずだ" by adding the particle "の", such as "明日の試合のエンジェルスのピッチャーは大谷翔平のはずだ。(Shohei Ohtani should be the pitcher for the Angels in tomorrow's game.)"

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy
LADY JJ
LADY JJ

Today's lesson ends here. Did you understand today's theme "Possibility Guess, Subjective Conviction and Objective Conjecture"? Next time, we will study expressions such as "I want to ・・・". See you!

See you next time!

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy

 

Japanese Study Course
Japanese Study Course

This is a free online teaching material for foreigners to learn Japanese. The course is designed that you can naturally acquire knowledge by lying down at home.

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Chinese Study Course
Chinese Study Course

This is a free online teaching material for foreigners to learn Chinese. The best feature of the course is designed that you can naturally acquire knowledge by lying down at home and reading the content while looking at your mobile phone or tablet.

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Japanese Study Course
日語學習課程
Chinese Study Course
Ryukyu Dynasty
❶Two Great Samurais & American sages
❷Two Great Samurais & American sages
Beautiful Landscape
Beautiful landscape of Japan
Hakodate & Southern Hokkaido Special (Autumn)
YouTube video (Fireworks display)
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