*ENGLISH Japanese Study Course

⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form

2023年9月9日

【広告】RAKUTEN

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Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!

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Japanese Study Course
Japanese Study Course

This is a free online teaching material for foreigners to learn Japanese. The course is designed that you can naturally acquire knowledge by lying down at home.

❶Basic Pronouns
❶Basic Pronouns

Pronouns are the basis of grammar. Now, let's check the list of personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns.

❷Modification of Nouns
❷Modification of Nouns

Modifying nouns with pronouns, other nouns, to-infinitives, participles and relative pronouns. Example, in Japanese usage, 'noun + "の" + noun', as in '先生の辞書'.

❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate

"A は B です" is called a noun predicate sentence. - "A は B が好きです" is called an adjective predicate sentence. "好きです" consists of 'Adject + Auxiliary verb'. No verb

❹Verbal predicate sentences
❹Verbal predicate sentences

Japanese grammatical constructions like "A は B を・・・。" are called verbal predicate sentences. The predicate part "・・・" consists of 'a verb + an auxiliary verb'.

❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs

If you want to say, "I bought two dictionaries." in Japanese, you would normally say "私は2冊辞書を買った。" To put it politely, it's "私は2冊辞書を買いました。"ます" ➡Past tense "ました"

❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses

Present/Past

❼Verb Situational Expressions
❼Verb Situational Expressions

Verb expressions that indicate the situation have the same form as the present progressive tense. However, that is not progressive action but shows situation.

❽Possible Expressions [1]
❽Possible Expressions [1]

If you want to say, "I can speak English." in Japanese, you would politely say "私は英語ができます。". In another Japanese expression, you would say "私は英語を話すことができます。".

❾Possible Expressions [2]
❾Possible Expressions [2]

We will study verbs that indicate "possible" in Japanese. The verb "買う(buy)" was studied in lesson 5, let me introduce a verb "買える" that indicate "can buy".

➓Future Tense Expression
➓Future Tense Expression

"Shohei Ohtani will not pitch in the baseball game tomorrow." in Japanese, you would normally say "大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合で投げないだろう。". Future tense same as present tense.

⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions

Guess, Conviction, Verb(basic)/Noun/Adj+かもしれない, Possibility Guess, May be, Subjective Conviction, Must be, Objective Conjecture, Should be.

⓬Expressions of Desire
⓬Expressions of Desire

About expressions of desire, if you want to say, "I want to go on a trip with my friends during the summer vacation." in Japanese, you say "私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたいです。".

⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions

We will study the expressions of permissions and prohibitions. "Can I go to Shibuya with my friends tomorrow?" in Japanese, you can say "私は明日、友達と渋谷に行ってもいいですか。".

⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention

Let's study the expressions of invitation & intention such as "Would you like to…/ Let's do…" for invitation & "I would like to…/ I'm going to…" for intention.

⓯Expressions of Requests
⓯Expressions of Requests

Let's study expressions of requests such as "Please do …" or "Will you please do…". If you want to say, "Please open the window." in Japanese, "窓を開けてください。".

⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"

Let's study expressions with two objects such as the pattern S+V+O+O like "I will give her a birthday present." You say "私は彼女に誕生日のプレゼントをあげようと思います。" in Japanese.

⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form

In lesson 17, we'll review the Expressions by verb conjunctive form we have already studied before. Also let's study new usages such as "・・・していきます/・・・してきます" .

⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives

Two types of Japanese adjectives: i-type and na-type. In Lesson 18, we study the usage of i-type adjectives. ex:"赤いリンゴ(a red apple)" or "高い山(a high mountain)".

⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives

Let's study "Usage of na-type adjectives." For example, "きれいな先生", "静かな音楽". They can also be used as an adjective predicate sentence, such as "この音楽は静かだ/静かではない。".

⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"

In Lesson 20, we will study the usage of particle "が" & "は". These two particles are similar in usage, so we will explain in detail how to use them differently.

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Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Japanese Study Course
❶Basic Pronouns
❷Modification of Nouns
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❹Verbal predicate sentences
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❼Verb Situational Expressions
❽Possible Expressions [1]
❾Possible Expressions [2]
➓Future Tense Expression
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓬Expressions of Desire
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓯Expressions of Requests
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
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Japanese Study Course Lesson17

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

In lesson 17, we will review the Expressions by verb conjunctive form that we have already studied before. Regarding this style, we have studied the following lessons:
1) present progressive tense and past progressive tense in Lesson6
2) situational expressions in Lesson7
3) Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions in Lesson13
4) Expressions of "S+V+O+O" in Lesson16
Additionally, you will study new usages such as expressions that indicate the direction of movement. Please take this opportunity to thoroughly review how to use the conjunctive particle "て" immediately after the verb.

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

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17-1 Present progressive tense & Past progressive tense (review)

(1)Present progressive tense

Present progressive tense ➡ " Verb( conjunctive form )+いる/います "

  • I am watching my favorite TV program.
  • Ordinary:私はお気に入りのテレビ番組を見いる。
  • Politely:私はお気に入りのテレビ番組を見います。
  • There is another way of expressing it. If you say "私はお気に入りのテレビ番組を見いるところだ。", the meaning is the same, but this expression emphasizes the present progressive tense.
  • To put it politely, it's "私はお気に入りのテレビ番組を見いるところです。". Adding the auxiliary verb"です" after the noun "ところ" makes it a more polite expression.
  • See Lesson 6 for more information.

(2)Past progressive tense

Past progressive tense ➡ " Verb( conjunctive form )+いた/いました "

  • I was studying Japanese from early morning until noon yesterday.
  • Ordinary:私は昨日、早朝から昼まで日本語を勉強しいた。
  • Politely:私は昨日、早朝から昼まで日本語を勉強しいました。
  • See Lesson 6 for more information.

 

17-2 Situational Expressions( review )

Situational Expressions ➡ " Verb( conjunctive form )+いる/います "

  • A stranger is standing in front of the door.
  • Ordinary:知らない人が玄関の前に立っいる。
  • Politely:知らない人が玄関の前に立っます。
  • See Lesson 7 for more information.

 

17-3 Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions( review )

(1)Expressions of Permissions

Expressions of permissions ➡ "Verb( conjunctive form )++も+いいです"

  • Can I go to Shibuya with my friends tomorrow?
  • Ordinary:私は明日、友達と渋谷に行っもいいか。
  • Politely:私は明日、友達と渋谷に行っもいいですか。
  • The ordinary sentence can also be expressed as "私は明日、友達と渋谷に行っもいい?", and the interrogative particle "" can be omitted.
  • See Lesson 13 for more information.

(2)Expressions of prohibitions

 ➀・・・してはいけない/・・・してはいけません

Expressions of permissions ➡ "Verb( conjunctive form )++は+いけません"

  • You must not go to Shibuya with your friends tomorrow.
  • Ordinary:あなたは明日、友達と渋谷に行っはいけない。
  • Politely:あなたは明日、友達と渋谷に行っはいけません。
  • See Lesson 13 for more information.
 ➁・・・してはだめだ/・・・してはだめです

Expressions of permissions ➡ "Verb( conjunctive form )++は+だめです"

  • You shouldn't drink a lot of alcohol every day.
  • Ordinary:あなたは毎日大量にお酒を飲んはだめだ。
  • Politely:あなたは毎日大量にお酒を飲んはだめです。
  • See Lesson 13 for more information.

 

17-4 Expressions of "S+V+O+O"( review )

(1)Receiver + particle "に"

 ➀AにBを・・・してあげる

Expressions of S+V+O+O ➡ "A( receiver )に+B(something)を+・・・し++あげる"

  • I lent money to my friend.
  • Ordinary:私は私の友人にお金を貸しあげた。
  • Politely:私は私の友人にお金を貸しあげました。
  • See Lesson 16 for more information.
 ➁AにBを・・・してくれる

Expressions of S+V+O+O ➡ "A( receiver )に+B(something)を+・・・し++くれる"

  • My grandmother bought me a toy.
  • Ordinary:祖母は私におもちゃを買っくれた。
  • Politely:祖母は私におもちゃを買っくれました。
  • See Lesson 16 for more information.

(2)Giver + particle "に"

 ➀AにBを・・・してもらう

Expressions of S+V+O+O ➡ "A( giver )に+B(something)を・・・し++もらう"

  • Yesterday, I was very tired from work, so I asked my wife to give me a massage.
  • Ordinary:昨日、仕事で大変疲れたので、妻にマッサージをしもらった。
  • Politely:昨日、仕事で大変疲れたので、妻にマッサージをしもらいました。
  • See Lesson 16 for more information.
 ➁AからBを・・・してもらう

Expressions of S+V+O+O ➡ "A( giver )から+B(something)を・・・し++もらう"

  • When I was in kindergarten, my older sister taught me English.
  • Ordinary:私は幼稚園のときに姉から英語を教えもらった。
  • Politely:私は幼稚園のときに姉から英語を教えもらいました。
  • See Lesson 16 for more information.

 

17-5 Other usages

(1)・・・していく/・・・していきます

Other usage➀ <Going> ➡ "・・・し++いく/いきます"

  • How shall we get to the station? I will walk to the station.
  • Ordinary:駅まではどのように行こうか?私は駅まで歩いていく
  • Politely:駅まではどのように行きましょうか?私は駅まで歩いていきます
  • Replacing "いく" with "いきます" makes it more polite.
  • The meaning of "・・・していく/・・・していきます" has the meaning of the direction of movement, "go", and the meaning of the future tense, "going from now on."
  • "私は駅まで歩いていく/いきます" contains both nuances.
  • In the case of "私はこれからも中国語を勉強していきます。(I will continue to study Chinese.)", it is just used in the sense of the future tense.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:駅まではどのように行こうか?私は駅まで歩いていく
  • Politely:駅まではどのように行きましょうか?私は駅まで歩いていきます
  • 駅(object)+まで(objective particle, limit of range)+は(adverbial particle)
  • +どのように(interrogative adverb)
  • +行こ(verb "行く", intentional form)/ +行き(verb "行く", consecutive form)+ましょ(auxiliary verb "ます", intentional form)
  • +う(auxiliary verb, intention)+か(ending particle, question)?
  • +私(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +駅(object)+まで(objective particle, limit of range)
  • +歩い(verb "歩く", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)
  • +いく(verb "行く", basic form)/+いき(verb "行く", consecutive form)+ます(auxiliary verb, polite)。
  • ※ "いく/いきます" in this usage does not use kanji. Use hiragana.

Vocabulary note

駅    :(noun) station
どのように:(interrogative adverb) how
行く   :(verb) go
歩く   :(verb) walk

(2)・・・してくる/・・・してきます

Other usage➁ <Coming> ➡ "・・・し++くる/きます"

  • My father's guests always bring souvenirs.
  • Ordinary:父の客はいつもお土産を持ってくる
  • Politely:父のお客さんはいつもお土産を持ってきます
  • Replacing "客"&"くる" with "お客さん"&"きます" makes it more polite.
  • "・・・してくる/・・・してきます" has the meaning of the direction of movement, "come".
  • In the case of "日本語を勉強する人が増えてくると思います。(I think the number of people studying Japanese will increase.)", it shows the transition/change from the present to the near future.
  • In the case of "日本語を勉強する人が増えてきました。(The number of people studying Japanese is increasing.)", it shows the transition/change from the past to the present.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:父の客はいつもお土産を持ってくる
  • Politely:父のお客さんはいつもお土産を持ってきます
  • 父の(noun modifier)+客/お客さん(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +いつも(adverb)+お土産(object)+を(objective particle)
  • +持っ(verb "持つ", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)
  • +くる(verb "来る", basic form)/+き(verb "来る", consecutive form)+ます(auxiliary verb, polite)。
  • ※ "くる/きます" in this usage does not use kanji. Use hiragana.

Vocabulary note

父   :(noun) father
客   :(noun) guest
お客さん:(noun) guest, polite
いつも :(adverb) always
お土産 :(noun) souvenir

(3)・・・しておく/・・・しておきます

Other usage③ Expression that indicates the intention to have complete a certain action in advance➡ "・・・し++おく/おきます"

  • My father's guests are coming, so I'll clean the room.
  • Ordinary:父の客が来るので、部屋をきれいにしておく
  • Politely:父のお客さんが来るので、部屋をきれいにしておきます
  • Replacing "客"&"おく" with "お客さん"&"おきます" makes it more polite.
  • "・・・おく/・・・しておきます" has the meaning of the intention to have complete a certain action in advance.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:父の客が来るので、部屋をきれいにしておく
  • Politely:父のお客さんが来るので、部屋をきれいにしておきます
  • 父の(noun modifier)+客/お客さん(subject)+が(nominative particle)
  • +来る(verb, basic form)+ので(conjunction)、
  • +(subject omitted)+部屋(object)+を(objective particle)
  • +きれいにし(verb "きれいにする", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)
  • +おく(verb "置く", basic form)/+おき(verb "置く", consecutive form)+ます(auxiliary verb, polite)。
  • ※ "おく/おきます" in this usage does not use kanji. Use hiragana.

Vocabulary note

部屋    :(noun) room
きれいにする:(verb) clean

(4)・・・してみる/・・・してみます

Other usage④ Expression that indicates attempting a certain action ➡ "・・・し++みる/みます"

  • I will try to walk to the station.
  • Ordinary:私は駅まで歩いてみる
  • Politely:私は駅まで歩いてみます
  • Replacing "みる" with "みます" makes it more polite.
  • "・・・みる/・・・みます" includes the meaning of "try".

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:私は駅まで歩いてみる
  • Politely:私は駅まで歩いてみます
  • +私(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +駅(object)+まで(objective particle, limit of range)
  • +歩い(verb "歩く", conjunctive form)+て(conjunction particle)
  • +みる(verb "見る", basic form)/+み(verb "見る", consecutive form)+ます(auxiliary verb, polite)。
  • ※ "みる/みます" in this usage does not use kanji. Use hiragana.

"今日はチャッピーさんと夕食を食べてきました。" It informs not only that I had dinner with Chappie today, but also the transition from the past to the present. Therefore, this expression conveys the nuance of "I had dinner with Mr. Chappie today, so I'm full now.''

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy
LADY JJ
LADY JJ

Today's lesson ends here. Ladies and gentlemen, did you understand today's theme "Expressions by verb conjunctive form"? Next time, we will study "Usage of adjectives." See you!

See you next time!

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy

 


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