*ENGLISH Japanese Study Course

❺Past tense of verbs

2023年2月26日

Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!

We introduce how to study Japanese while listening to Japanese heroine anime songs. キューティーハニー, エースをねらえ, アタックNo.1, 魔女っ子メグちゃん, Japanese Songs, @Kanbe_Ryusho2023

previous arrow
next arrow
Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Japanese Study Course
❶Basic Pronouns
❷Modification of Nouns
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❹Verbal predicate sentences
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❼Verb Situational Expressions
❽Possible Expressions [1]
❾Possible Expressions [2]
➓Future Tense Expression
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓬Expressions of Desire
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓯Expressions of Requests
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
previous arrow
next arrow

Japanese Study Course Lesson5

Lady JJ
Lady JJ

Hello everyone. I'm JJ. Nice to meet you! Welcome to Japanese Study Course.
In lesson 5, we will study past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs in Japanese.

5-1 Past tense of Verbs

  • Past tense of Verbs (ordinary)➡ " Verb( past tense form )+た "
  • Past tense of Verbs (polite) ➡ " Verb( Consecutive form )+ました "

(1)Affirmative form

  • I bought two dictionaries.
  • Ordinary:私は2冊辞書を買った。(私は辞書を2冊買った。)
  • "私は2冊辞書を買った。" can also be replaced with "私は辞書を2冊買った。". They have the same meaning.
  • Politely:私は2冊辞書を買いました。(私は辞書を2冊買いました。)
  • "私は2冊辞書を買いました。" can also be replaced with "私は辞書を2冊買いました。". They also have the same meaning.
  • Replacing "買った" with "買いました" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:私は2冊辞書を買った。(私は辞書を2冊買った。)
  • Politely:私は2冊辞書を買いました。(私は辞書を2冊買いました。)
  • 私(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +2冊(number+quantifier)+辞書(object)+を(object particle)
  • <OR> +辞書(object)+を(object particle)+2冊(number+quantifier)
  • +買っ(verb, past form)+た(auxiliary verb, past tense)/ +買い(verb, consecutive form)+ました(compound auxiliary verb, polite, past tense)。

Vocabulary note

冊  :(quantifier) A quantifier used when counting books, notebooks, etc.
辞書 :(noun) dictionary
買う :(verb) buy

In Japanese, quantifiers are added to numbers when expressing quantities. There are many types of quantifiers, so I will explain them each time they appear.

 ◆Advanced Study Auxiliary verb "た" & Compound auxiliary verb "ました"
Category: auxiliary verb
Meaningpast tense
Advanced commentary

Auxiliary verbs attached to verbs to show the past tense at ordinary sentences
Example:買った ➡ 買っ(verb"買う", past tense form)+た(auxiliary verb, past tense)
ましたCategory: compound auxiliary verb
Meaning
: polite past tense
Advanced commentary

ました➡まし(auxiliary verb"ます", past tense form)+た(auxiliary verb, past tense)
Example:買いました ➡ 買い(verb"買う", consecutive form)+ました(compound auxiliary verb, polite past tense)

(2)Negative form

  • I did not buy a dictionary.
  • Ordinary:私は辞書を買わなかった。
  • Politely:私は辞書を買いませんでした。
  • Replacing "買わなかった" with "買いませんでした" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:私は辞書を買わなかった。
  • Politely:私は辞書を買いませんでした。
  • 私(subject)+は(nominative particle)
  • +辞書(object)+を(object particle)
  • +買わ(verb, negative form)+なかった(compound auxiliary verb, negative past tense)/ +買い(verb, consecutive form)+ません(compound auxiliary verb, polite negative)+でした(compound auxiliary verb, polite past tense)。
 ◆Advanced Study Compound auxiliary verb "なかった" & "ませんでした"
なかったCategory: compound auxiliary verb
Meaningnegative
past tense
Advanced commentary

Compound auxiliary verb, negative past tense. Past tense of auxiliary verb "ない"
Example:
買わなかった ➡ 買わ(verb"買う", negative form)+なかっ(auxiliary verb"ない", past tense form)+た(auxiliary verb, past tense)
ませんでしたCategory: compound auxiliary verb
Meaning
: polite negative past tense
Advanced commentary

ません:Compound auxiliary verb, polite negative
➡ませ(auxiliary verb"ます", negative form)+ん(auxiliary verb, negation)
でした:Compound auxiliary verb, polite past tense
➡でし(auxiliary verb"です", past tense form)+た(auxiliary verb, past tense)
Example:
買いませんでした ➡ 買い(verb"買う", consecutive form)+ません(Compound auxiliary verb, polite negative)+でした(compound auxiliary verb, polite past tense)
 ◆Advanced Study Conjugation of the verb "買う"(Five-step)
Negative form
買わ(ない/なかった)
Auxiliary verb "ない/なかった" is added after
あなたはいつも何も買わない
You don't always buy anything.
私は辞書を買わなかった
I did not buy a dictionary.
Consecutive form
買い(ます/ました/
ませんでした)
Auxiliary verb "ます/ました/ませんでした" is added after
私は辞書を買います
I will buy a dictionary.
私は辞書を買いました
I bought a dictionary.
私は辞書を買いませんでした
I did not buy a dictionary.
Past tense form
買っ(た)
Auxiliary verb "た" is added after
私は辞書を買った
I bought a dictionary.
Basic form
買う
買う
buy
Adnominal form
買う(+noun)
Noun is added after
野菜を買うときには新鮮なものを選んでね。
When you buy vegetables, choose fresh ones.
Hypothesis form
買え(ば)
Conjunction particle "ば" is added after
私も辞書を買えばよかったかもね。
Maybe I should have bought a dictionary too.
Imperative form
買え
The form for giving orders
私はお金がないので、君はおもちゃを自分で買え
I don't have money, so you buy yourself a toy!
Intentional form
買お(う)
Auxiliary verb "う" is added after
新しい雑誌が出たので、明日買おうと思う。
A new magazine has come out, so I think I'll buy it tomorrow.

The conjugation form of the verb "買う" takes the form of "wa, i, u, e, o" like "買ない,買ます,買,買ば,買う", so it is called the five-step conjugation of verbs.

For the better understanding of our readers, in KANBE Ryusho's room, regarding the case of the five-stage verb conjugations, we set them in the order of "a, i, u, e, o" based on the conjugation form . The verb "買う" is the five-stage verb, so it is arranged in the order of "wa, i, u, e, o".

 

5-2 Summary of Past tense of Auxiliary verbs

  • Auxiliary verb "ます" ➡ [Past tense] "ました"
  • 私は辞書を買います。(I will buy a dictionary.) ➡ [Past tense] 私は辞書を買いました(I bought a dictionary.)
  • 私は辞書を買います。(I will buy a dictionary.) ➡ [Negative form] 私は辞書を買いません。(I will not buy a dictionary.)
  • 私は辞書を買いました ➡ [Negative form] 私は辞書を買いませんでした。(I did not buy a dictionary.)

Let's review today's study!
「私はリンゴを買いました。」(I bought an apple.)、
「チャッピーさんはリンゴを買いませんでした。」(Chappy didn't buy an apple.)
Perfect!

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy
LADY JJ
LADY JJ

Today's lesson ends here. Ladies and gentlemen, did you understand today's theme "Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs"? Next time, we will learn about the present/past progressive tense. See you!

See you next time!

Rabbit Boy
Rabbit Boy

【広告】RAKUTEN

【広告】U-NEXT


【広告】アソビュー