*ENGLISH Japanese Study Course

❸Noun/Adjective Predicate

2023年1月28日

【広告】RAKUTEN

Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!

We introduce how to study Japanese while listening to Japanese heroine anime songs. キューティーハニー, エースをねらえ, アタックNo.1, 魔女っ子メグちゃん, Japanese Songs, @Kanbe_Ryusho2023

Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!

This time is an extra lesson. We will introduce how to study Japanese while enjoying original YouTube karaoke videos. Enjoy nostalgic anime & hero theme songs!

Japanese Study Course
Japanese Study Course

This is a free online teaching material for foreigners to learn Japanese. The course is designed that you can naturally acquire knowledge by lying down at home.

❶Basic Pronouns
❶Basic Pronouns

Pronouns are the basis of grammar. Now, let's check the list of personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, and interrogative pronouns.

❷Modification of Nouns
❷Modification of Nouns

Modifying nouns with pronouns, other nouns, to-infinitives, participles and relative pronouns. Example, in Japanese usage, 'noun + "の" + noun', as in '先生の辞書'.

❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate

"A は B です" is called a noun predicate sentence. - "A は B が好きです" is called an adjective predicate sentence. "好きです" consists of 'Adject + Auxiliary verb'. No verb

❹Verbal predicate sentences
❹Verbal predicate sentences

Japanese grammatical constructions like "A は B を・・・。" are called verbal predicate sentences. The predicate part "・・・" consists of 'a verb + an auxiliary verb'.

❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs

If you want to say, "I bought two dictionaries." in Japanese, you would normally say "私は2冊辞書を買った。" To put it politely, it's "私は2冊辞書を買いました。"ます" ➡Past tense "ました"

❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses

Present/Past

❼Verb Situational Expressions
❼Verb Situational Expressions

Verb expressions that indicate the situation have the same form as the present progressive tense. However, that is not progressive action but shows situation.

❽Possible Expressions [1]
❽Possible Expressions [1]

If you want to say, "I can speak English." in Japanese, you would politely say "私は英語ができます。". In another Japanese expression, you would say "私は英語を話すことができます。".

❾Possible Expressions [2]
❾Possible Expressions [2]

We will study verbs that indicate "possible" in Japanese. The verb "買う(buy)" was studied in lesson 5, let me introduce a verb "買える" that indicate "can buy".

➓Future Tense Expression
➓Future Tense Expression

"Shohei Ohtani will not pitch in the baseball game tomorrow." in Japanese, you would normally say "大谷翔平は明日の野球の試合で投げないだろう。". Future tense same as present tense.

⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions

Guess, Conviction, Verb(basic)/Noun/Adj+かもしれない, Possibility Guess, May be, Subjective Conviction, Must be, Objective Conjecture, Should be.

⓬Expressions of Desire
⓬Expressions of Desire

About expressions of desire, if you want to say, "I want to go on a trip with my friends during the summer vacation." in Japanese, you say "私は夏休みに友達と旅行がしたいです。".

⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions

We will study the expressions of permissions and prohibitions. "Can I go to Shibuya with my friends tomorrow?" in Japanese, you can say "私は明日、友達と渋谷に行ってもいいですか。".

⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention

Let's study the expressions of invitation & intention such as "Would you like to…/ Let's do…" for invitation & "I would like to…/ I'm going to…" for intention.

⓯Expressions of Requests
⓯Expressions of Requests

Let's study expressions of requests such as "Please do …" or "Will you please do…". If you want to say, "Please open the window." in Japanese, "窓を開けてください。".

⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"

Let's study expressions with two objects such as the pattern S+V+O+O like "I will give her a birthday present." You say "私は彼女に誕生日のプレゼントをあげようと思います。" in Japanese.

⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form

In lesson 17, we'll review the Expressions by verb conjunctive form we have already studied before. Also let's study new usages such as "・・・していきます/・・・してきます" .

⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives

Two types of Japanese adjectives: i-type and na-type. In Lesson 18, we study the usage of i-type adjectives. ex:"赤いリンゴ(a red apple)" or "高い山(a high mountain)".

⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives

Let's study "Usage of na-type adjectives." For example, "きれいな先生", "静かな音楽". They can also be used as an adjective predicate sentence, such as "この音楽は静かだ/静かではない。".

⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"

In Lesson 20, we will study the usage of particle "が" & "は". These two particles are similar in usage, so we will explain in detail how to use them differently.

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Extra : Let's enjoy Japanese Heroine Songs!
Extra Lesson: Let's sing Japanese Karaoke!
Japanese Study Course
❶Basic Pronouns
❷Modification of Nouns
❸Noun/Adjective Predicate
❹Verbal predicate sentences
❺Past tense of verbs and auxiliary verbs
❻Present/Past Progressive Tenses
❼Verb Situational Expressions
❽Possible Expressions [1]
❾Possible Expressions [2]
➓Future Tense Expression
⓫Guess/Conviction Expressions
⓬Expressions of Desire
⓭Expressions of Permissions and Prohibitions
⓮Expressions of Invitation & Intention
⓯Expressions of Requests
⓰Expressions of "S+V+O+O"
⓱Expressions by verb conjunctive form
⓲Usage of "i-type" adjectives
⓳Usage of "na-type" adjectives
⓴Usage of Particles "が"&"は"
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Japanese Study Course Lesson3

Lady JJ
Lady JJ

Hello everyone. I'm Lady JJ. Nice to meet you! Welcome to Japanese Study Course. I will be in charge of the Japanese course, so please call me "JJ". Come on, let's start the Japanese course together! In lesson 3, we will study noun predicate sentences and adjective predicate sentences in Japanese. Japanese is classified into the following three predicate sentences.

LADY JJ
LADY JJ

We have good news for you!
In KANBE Ryusho's room, we have just introduced the text-to-speech software "Ondoku-san". Please make full use of the Japanese audio and further improve your Japanese language skills.
Created By ondoku3.com

3-1 Noun predicate sentence

(1)What is a noun predicate sentence ?

Three Predicate Sentences in Japanese<The Basic Structure of Japanese Grammar >

  • Noun predicate sentence
  • Adjective predicate sentence
  • Verb predicate sentence

Noun predicate sentence ➡ “A(subject)はB(noun)です。”

  • Japanese grammatical constructions like "A は B です。" are called noun predicate sentences.
  • The noun predicate part "B です" consists of 'Noun + Auxiliary verb' and has no verb, so it is called the noun predicate sentence.

(2)A は B です。( A is B. )

Lady JJ
Lady JJ

"A は B です。" means "A is B." For example, "I am JJ." says "私はJJです。"

  • This is my luggage.
  • Ordinary:これは私の荷物だ。
  • Politely:これは私の荷物です。
  • Replacing "だ" with "です" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:これは私の荷物だ。
  • これ(subject)+は(nominative particle)+私の荷物だ(noun predicate)。
  • 私の荷物だ(noun predicate)➡私の(personal pronoun possessive)+荷物(noun)+だ(auxiliary verb, affirmation)
  • Politely:これは私の荷物です。
  • これ(subject)+は(nominative particle)+私の荷物です(noun predicate)。
  • 私の荷物です(noun predicate)➡私の(personal pronoun possessive)+荷物(noun)+です(auxiliary verb, polite affirmation)

Vocabulary note

荷物:(noun) luggage
だ :(auxiliary verb, affirmation) the auxiliary verb for affirmations
です:(auxiliary verb, polite affirmation) the auxiliary verb for polite affirmations

(3)A は B ではありません。( A is not B. )

"A は B ではありません" means "A is not B." For example, "This is not my luggage." says "これは私の荷物ではありません。"Where did my luggage go?"

Lady JJ
Lady JJ
  • This is not my luggage.
  • Ordinary:これは私の荷物ではない。
  • Politely:これは私の荷物ではありません。
  • Replacing "ない" with "ありません" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:これは私の荷物ではない。
  • これ(subject)+は(nominative particle)+私の荷物ではない(noun predicate)。
  • 私の荷物ではない(noun predicate)➡私の(personal pronoun possessive)+荷物(noun)+ではない(collocation phrase, negation)
  • Politely:これは私の荷物ではありません。
  • これ(subject)+は(nominative particle)+私の荷物ではありません(noun predicate)。
  • 私の荷物ではありません(noun predicate)➡私の(personal pronoun possessive)+荷物(noun)+ではありません(collocation phrase, polite negation)

Vocabulary note

ではない   :(collocation phrase, negation) a collocation phrase for negation in a noun predicate sentence
ではありません:(collocation phrase, polite negation) a collocation phrase for polite negation in a noun predicate sentence

To make it easier for the reader to understand, in KANBE Ryusho's room, "ではない/ではありません" is indicated as a collocation phrase that is placed in a noun predicate to indicate a negative. The correct syntax is explained in detail below.「ではない」➡で(conjunction particle)+は(adverbial particle)+ない(auxiliary verb, negation)、「ではありません」➡で(conjunction particle)+は(adverbial particle)+あり(verb "ある", consecutive form)+ませ(auxiliary verb "ます", polite)+ん(auxiliary verb, negation)

(4)A は B ですか。( Is A B ? )

  • If you add "か(ka)" to the end of an affirmative sentence, it becomes an question sentence.
  • "か" is a particle that indicates a question.
  • Is this all your luggage?
  • Ordinary:これはあなたの荷物か。
  • Politely:これはあなたの荷物ですか。
  • Replacing "か" with "ですか" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:これはあなたの荷物か。
  • これ(subject)+は(nominative particle)+あなたの荷物か(noun predicate)。
  • あなたの荷物か(noun predicate)➡あなたの(personal pronoun possessive)+荷物(noun, basic form)+か(ending particle, question)
  • Politely:これはあなたの荷物ですか。
  • これ(subject)+は(nominative particle)+あなたの荷物ですか(noun predicate)。
  • あなたの荷物ですか(noun predicate)➡あなたの(personal pronoun possessive)+荷物(noun)+です(auxiliary verb, polite affirmation)+か(ending particle, question)

 

3-2 Adjective predicate sentence

(1)What is an adjective predicate sentence ?

Adjective predicate sentence ➡ “A( subject )が/は B( adjective )。”

  • Japanese grammatical constructions like "A は B が好きです。" are called Adjective predicate sentences.
  • The adjective predicate part "好きです" consists of 'Adject + Auxiliary verb' and has no verb, so it is called the adjective predicate sentence.
  • The grammatical structure of "A は B が好きです。" has a title and a subject, with "A" being the title and "B" being the subject.
  • The title has the title particle "は", and the subject has the nominative particle "が".

(2)あなたは A が好きですか、それとも B が好きですか。(Do you like A or B ?)

  • Use the conjunction "それとも" when asking "Do you like A or B ?" in a multiple-choice question.
  • Furthermore, the part of "listening to music" in English becomes the real subject of this Japanese sentence such as "私は音楽を聴くのが好きです。" or "私は音楽を聴くことが好きです。". At this time, you have to use a structural particle "の" or a structural noun "こと".

I like listening to JJ's lectures. In Japanese it is "私はJJのレクチャーを聴くのが好きです。"

Rabbit boy
Rabbit boy
  • Do you like listening to music or watching movies?
  • Ordinary:あなたは音楽を聴くのが好きか、それとも映画を見るのが好きか。
  • Politely:あなたは音楽を聴くのが好きですか、それとも映画を見るのが好きですか。
  • Replacing "か" with "ですか" makes it more polite.

Detailed explanation

  • Ordinary:あなたは音楽を聴くのが好きか、それとも映画を見るのが好きか。
  • あなた(title)+は(title particle)+音楽を聴くの(subject)+が(nominative particle)+好きか(adjective predicate)、それとも(conjunction)+映画を見るの(subject)+が(nominative particle)+好きか(adjective predicate)。
  • 好きか(adjective predicate)➡好き(adjective)+か(ending particle, question)
  • Politely:あなたは音楽を聴くのが好きですか、それとも映画を見るのが好きですか。
  • あなた(title)+は(title particle)+音楽を聴くの(subject)+が(nominative particle)+好きですか(adjective predicate)、それとも(conjunction)+映画を見るの(subject)+が(nominative particle)+好きですか(adjective predicate)。
  • 好きですか(adjective predicate)➡好き(adjective)+です(auxiliary verb, polite affirmation)+か(ending particle, question)
  • 音楽を聴くの(subject)➡音楽(object)+を(object particle)+聴く(verb)+の(structural particle)
  • 映画を見るの(subject)➡映画(object)+を(object particle)+見る(verb)+の(structural particle)

Vocabulary note

音楽   :(noun) music
聴く   :(verb) listen
好き(な):(adjective) like
それとも :(conjunction) or
映画   :(noun) movie
見る   :(verb) watch

There are two types of adjectives: "i-adjectives" such as "赤い" that are used for "赤いリンゴ" and "na-adjectives" such as "好きな" that are used for "好きな歌". I will explain it in detail when I study adjectives.

In Japanese, "watch", "look", and "see" are all expressed as "見る" without any difference in expression.

Originally, the subject is expressed as "音楽を聴くこと", but the expression of "音楽を聴くの" is in the form of adding the structural particle "の" instead of "こと".

Rabbit boy
Rabbit boy
Lady JJ
Lady JJ

Noun predicate sentences and adjective predicate sentences are the basic structures of Japanese grammar. In the next section we will study a Verbal predicate sentence with object in detail. See you next time! Bye!

See you next lesson!

Rabbit boy
Rabbit boy
Japanese Study Course
Japanese Study Course

This is a free online teaching material for foreigners to learn Japanese. The course is designed that you can naturally acquire knowledge by lying down at home.

日語學習課程
日語學習課程

我們決定提供一個學習課程,以簡單易懂的方式用繁體中文解釋日語語法。這些課程免費向公眾開放。我盡我所能提供更有效和高效的學習方法和內容,幫助您在短時間內提高技能。一起開始日語課程吧!

Chinese Study Course
Chinese Study Course

This is a free online teaching material for foreigners to learn Chinese. The best feature of the course is designed that you can naturally acquire knowledge by lying down at home and reading the content while looking at your mobile phone or tablet.

Ryukyu Dynasty
Ryukyu Dynasty

The first reason for the development of intermediary trade is Ryukyu's nice geographical location. The most important …

❶Two Great Samurais & American sages
❶Two Great Samurais & American sages

The appearance of Commodore Perry of the US shakes the Edo Shogunate, but Masahiro Abe, the senior councilor, responds admirably.

❷Two Great Samurais & American sages
❷Two Great Samurais & American sages

Consul General Harris requested "Conclusion of the Japan-US Commerce Treaty." Against Harris's assert, Tairo Naosuke Ii responded brilliantly and paved the way for the opening of the Yokohama port.

Beautiful Landscape
Beautiful Landscape

I introduce my YouTube videos, landscape photos. In addition of photos and videos in Japan, maps of places taken photos, travel information, my impressions.

Beautiful landscape of Japan
Beautiful landscape of Japan

All photos taken by Ryusho. The contents are as follows; Tokyo Sky Tree, Yokohama port, Okinawa, Umikaji Terrace, Noboribetsu Hot Springs, Kokura Castle, Rokko mountain night view

Hakodate & Southern Hokkaido Special (Autumn)
Hakodate & Southern Hokkaido Special (Autumn)

All photos taken by Ryusho. The contents are as follows; Noboribetsu hot springs, Night view of Hakodate and landscape of Hakodate city, Lake Onuma, Trappist Dai Monastery, Homemade salmon roe marinated in soy sauce

YouTube video (Fireworks display)
YouTube video (Fireworks display)

This is a video of the fireworks display with music (in Nagasaki). I use the music that was playing on the spot. Enjoy the splendid fireworks with music.

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Japanese Study Course
日語學習課程
Chinese Study Course
Ryukyu Dynasty
❶Two Great Samurais & American sages
❷Two Great Samurais & American sages
Beautiful Landscape
Beautiful landscape of Japan
Hakodate & Southern Hokkaido Special (Autumn)
YouTube video (Fireworks display)
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